最近一个朋友在做自动化测试过程中想实现一个时时监控的功能，如只要前台有人打开网页，后台qtp就开始对页面上进行校验，这个功能很新颖第一次听同行有这样的思路。该工具的实现难点在于后台什么时候触发qtp执行自动化测试，这一点通过hook的技术可以实现，进入系统消息链，监控特定消息，然后触发qtp。hook的开发还需要一段时间，他暂时先不是同步进行校验，测试人员打开ie之后先手工出发校验。这里涉及到如何获得已经存在的ie的实例，也就是测试人员打开ie后，打开网页执行测试，同时点击执行qtp脚本，qtp开始在测试人员打开的那个页面上进行校验。这里主要用internet controls,ie application对象实现。

Dim objSW 'As SHDocVw.ShellWindows
Dim objIE 'As SHDocVw.InternetExplorer
Dim objDoc 'As Object

Set objSW = New SHDocVw.ShellWindows
    For Each objIE In objSW
       If InStr(1, UCase(objIE.FullName), "IEXPLORE.EXE") <> 0 Then
          If objIE.LocationURL = "目标链接地址" Then
            Set objIE = objSW.Item
            Exit For
          End If
       End If
    Next 'objIE
'下面一行为控制代码，替换需要的操作代码
 objIE.Navigate "www.sohu.com"

Set objSW = Nothing
Set objIE = Nothing

以上代码在vb中调试通过

  
  收到一封学员关于用qtp处理dll中带有枚举型返回值函数的问题，这里是给他的一个答复。

老师：

  我用QTP 调用VC 编写的dll （extern c 编译）
MXDSGC_API MXD_RTN_CODE_E SGC_InitWinsock(void);
/*!
 * This function is used to close windows socket port.
 * \param 
 *         void
 * \return
 *         Return code by MXD_RTN_CODE_E enumeration.   
 */
我在QTP中应该如何调用？
extern.Declare micUInteger
,"SGC_InitWinsock","D:\Share\MA\SiggenControl\sgc.dll","",micVoid
如果返回值是枚举型，在QTP中用什么返回呢？

 回答：关于qtp调用dll返回的是枚举型函数的问题，其实只要把返回值设置成MicInteger类型就可以，我写了一个例子请看下
  
  在vc中编写了一个带有枚举型返回值函数的dll
  lib.h中代码如下：
  enum color
{red,yellow,blue};

#ifndef LIB_H
#define LIB_H
   extern "C" color __declspec(dllexport)getcolor();
#endif
  lib.cpp中代码如下
  #include "lib.h"
color getcolor()
{
 color c_1;
         c_1=red;
 return c_1;
}
以上代码纯为了说明问题，vc6中编译通过

qtp中调用代码
Extern.Declare micInteger,"getcolor","D:\VC\dll\Debug\dll.dll","getcolor"
Dim iColorResult
iColorResult=Extern.getcolor()
If iColorResult =0 Then
    msgbox "red"
End If

If iColorResult =1 Then
    msgbox "yellow"
End If

If  iColorResult =1 Then
 msgbox "blue"
End If

以上代码在qtp10中调式通过。

这里关键是vbs是无类型的编程语言，所以不能和c语言中的类型进行匹配，如我们会在vb中声明同类型的变量更替它，vb中的调用代码如下：
Private Declare Function getcolor Lib "D:\VC\dll\Debug\dll.dll" () As color

Private Enum color
  red
  yellow
  blue
End Enum

Private Sub Command1_Click()
  Dim iColorResult  As color
  iColorResult = GetColor()
  MsgBox iColorResult
End Sub

可以在vb中声明替代枚举型变量，与c中的枚举类型相匹配。

1.环境变量处理数组

Dim MyArray(1)
MyArray(0) = "10"
MyArray(1) = "20"
Environment.Value("Env") = MyArray
MsgBox Environment.Value("Env")(0)    'Output = 10

2.How to specify the tolerance for a bitmap checkpoint 

The user would like to specify the acceptable number of failing pixels between the expected and actual bitmap. 
________________________________________
Solution: Set the relevant value for the key in the registry 
1. Open the registry editor (Start -> Run -> regedit).
2. Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest Professional\MicTest\BitmapVerification. 
3. Right-click on the ToleranceLevel value.
4. Select "Modify" from the pop-up menu.
5. Set the desired tolerance level. This value is the number of pixels that the checkpoint can allow to be different. 
6. Close the registry editor. 
You will need to restart QuickTest Professional for the changes to take effect. 

Example:
If you set the tolerance level to be 10, then the checkpoint will pass as long as ten or less pixels are different between the expected and actual images

3.db code function

'Example of How to use functions.

''************************************************************************************
' Example use DSN created for database of Flight sample application.
''************************************************************************************
SQL="SELECT * FROM ORDERS"
connection_string="QT_Flight32"

isConnected = db_connect ( curConnection ,connection_string )
If isConnected = 0 then
    ' execute the basic SQL statement
    set myrs=db_execute_query( curConnection , SQL )
    
    ' report the query and the connection string
    Reporter.ReportEvent micInfo ,"Executed query and created recordset ","Connection_string is ==> " & connection_string & " SQL query is ===> " & SQL
    ' show the number of rows in the table using a record set
    msgBox " Quantity of rows in queried DB ( db_get_rows_count )==> " & db_get_rows_count( myrs )
    ' show the number of rows in the table using a new SQL statement
    msgBox " Quantity of rows in queried DB (db_get_rows_count_SQL ) ==> " & db_get_rows_count_SQL( curConnection , "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ORDERS" )

    ' change a value of a field in an existing row
    rc = db_set_field_value (curConnection, "ORDERS" , "Agents_Name" , "test", "Agents_Name", "AGENT_TESTER")

    ' examples of how to retrieve values from the table
    msgBox "val row 0 col 0: " & db_get_field_value( myrs , 0 , 0 )
    msgBox "val row 0 col 1: " & db_get_field_value( myrs , 0 , 1 )
    msgBox "val row 1 col Name: " & db_get_field_value( myrs , 1 , "Agents_Name" )
    msgBox "val SQL row 1 col Name: " & db_get_field_value_SQL( curConnection , "ORDERS" , 1 , "Agents_Name" )

    db_disconnect curConnection
End If

''****************************************************************************************


' Database Functions library
'******************************************************************************************
'db_connect
' ---------------
' The function creates a new connection session to a database.
' curSession - the session name (string)
' connection_string - a connection string
' for example the connection_string can be "DSN=SQLServer_Source;UID=SA;PWD=abc123"
'******************************************************************************************
Function db_connect( byRef curSession ,connection_string)
    dim connection
    on error Resume next
    ' Opening connection
    set connection = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
    If Err.Number <> 0 then
        db_connect= "Error # " & CStr(Err.Number) & " " & Err.Descrīption
        err.clear
        Exit Function
    End If
  
    connection.Open connection_string
    If Err.Number <> 0 then
        db_connect= "Error # " & CStr(Err.Number) & " " & Err.Descrīption
        err.clear
        Exit Function
    End If
    set curSession=connection
    db_connect=0
End Function

'********************************************************************************************
' db_disconnect
' ---------------------
' The function disconnects from the database and deletes the session.
' curSession - the session name (string)
'********************************************************************************************
Function db_disconnect( byRef curSession )
    curSession.close
    set curSession = Nothing
End Function

'*********************************************************************************************
' db_execute_query
' ---------------------------
' The function executes an SQL statement.
' Note that a db_connect for (arg1) must be called before this function
' curSession - the session name (string)
' SQL - an SQL statement
'**********************************************************************************************
Function db_execute_query ( byRef curSession , SQL)
    set rs = curSession.Execute( SQL )
    set db_execute_query = rs
End Function

''***********************************************************************************************
' db_get_rows_count
' ----------------------------
' The function returns the number of rows in the record set
' curRS - variable , contain record set , that contain all values that retrieved from DB by query execution
''***********************************************************************************************
Function db_get_rows_count( byRef curRS )
    dim rows
    rows = 0
    curRS.MoveFirst
    Do Until curRS.EOF
        rows = rows+1
        curRS.MoveNext
    Loop
    db_get_rows_count = rows
End Function

''************************************************************************************************
' db_get_rows_count_SQL
' ------------------------------------
' The function returns the number of rows that are the result of a given SQL statement
' curSession - the session name (string)
' CountSQL - SQL statement
''************************************************************************************************
Function db_get_rows_count_SQL( byRef curSession ,CountSQL )
    dim cur_rs
    set cur_rs = curSession.Execute( CountSQL )
    db_get_rows_count_SQL = cur_rs.fields(0).value
End Function

''*************************************************************************************************
' db_get_field_value_SQL
' -----------------------------------
' curSession - variable denote current active connection
' tableName - name of the table , where value should be retrieved
' rowIndex - row number
' colName - the column name.
'*************************************************************************************************
Function db_get_field_value_SQL( curSession , tableName , rowIndex , colName )
    dim rs
    SQL = " select " & colName & " from " & tableName
    set rs = curSession.Execute( SQL )

    rs.move rowIndex
    db_get_field_value_SQL = rs.fields(colName).value
End Function

'*************************************************************************************************
' db_get_field_value
' --------------------------
' The function returns the value of a single item of an executed query.
' Note that a db_execute_query for (arg1) must called before this function

' curRecordSet - variable , contain record set , that contain all values that retrieved from DB by query execution
' rowIndex - the row index number (zero based)
' colIndex - the column index number (zero based) or the column name.
' returned values
' -1 - requested field index more than exists in record set
'*************************************************************************************************
Function db_get_field_value( curRecordSet , rowIndex , colIndex )
    dim curRow

    curRecordSet.MoveFirst
    count_fields = curRecordSet.fields.count-1
    If ( TypeName(colIndex)<> "String" ) and ( count_fields < colIndex ) then
        db_get_field_value = -1 'requested field index more than exists in recordset
    Else
        curRecordSet.Move rowIndex
        db_get_field_value = curRecordSet.fields(colIndex).Value
    End If
End Function

'*************************************************************************************************
' db_set_field_value
' ---------------------------
' The function changes the value of a field according to a search criteria.
' We search for a certain row according to a column name and the desired vale, then we change a value in that row according
' to a desired columns

' curConnection - the session name (string)
' tableName - name of the table , where value should be retrieved
' colFind - the column we search the criteria in
' colFindValue - the value we search in the column
' colChange - the column were we want to change the value
' colChangeValue - the new value

' returned values
' -1 - requested field index that doesn't exists in the recordset
'*************************************************************************************************
Function db_set_field_value(curConnection, tableName , colFind , colFindValue, colChange, colChangeValue)
    dim curRow
    dim updateSQL
    dim checkSQL

    checkSQL = "select * from Details"
    set myrs1 = db_execute_query( curConnection , SQL )
    myrs1.MoveFirst
    count_fields = myrs1.fields.count
    If ( TypeName(colFind)<> "String" ) or ( TypeName(colChange)<> "String" ) then
        db_set_field_value = -1 'requested field index that doesn't exists in the record set
    Else
        updateSQL = "UPDATE " & tableName & " SET " & colChange & "='" & colChangeValue & "' WHERE " & colFind & "='" & colFindValue & "'"
        set myrs1 = db_execute_query( curConnection , updateSQL )
        db_set_field_value = 1 'operation suceeded
    End If
End Function

'*************************************************************************************************
' db_add_row
' -----------------
' The function adds a new row to the desired table

' curConnection - variable , contains a recordset , that contains all the values to be retrieved from DB by query execution
' tableName - name of the table , where value should be retrieved from
' values - array that contains values to be entered in a new row to the table.

' Note: the function must receive values for all the columns in the table!
' returned values
' -1 - the number of values to be entered to the table doesn't fit the number of columns
' 1 - execution of the query succeed and the data was entered to the table
'*************************************************************************************************
Function db_add_row(curConnection, tableName , byRef values)
    dim i
    dim updateSQL
    dim myrs1

    updateSQL = "INSERT INTO " & tableName & " VALUES ("
    arrLen = UBound (values) - LBound (values) + 1

    set myrs1=db_execute_query( curConnection , SQL )
    myrs1.MoveFirst
    count_fields = myrs1.fields.count
    ' check if numbers of values fit the numbers of columns
    If arrLen <> count_fields then
        db_add_row = -1
    Else
        For i = 0 to arrLen-1
            updateSQL = updateSQL & values (i)
            If i <> arrLen-1 then
                updateSQL = updateSQL & ","
            End If
        Next
        updateSQL = updateSQL & ")"
        set myrs1 = db_execute_query( curConnection , updateSQL )
        db_add_row = 1
     End If
End Function

'*************************************************************************************************
' represent_values_of_RecordSet
' ---------------------------------------------
' the function reports all the values on fields in a record set
' curRS - variable , contains the recordset , that contains all the values that were retrieved from the DB by the query execution
'*************************************************************************************************
Function represent_values_of_RecordSet( myrs)
    dim curRowString
    myrs.MoveFirst
    reporter.ReportEvent 4,"Fields quantity" , myrs.fields.count
    count_fields = myrs.fields.count-1
    curRow=0
    Do Until myrs.EOF
        curRowString= ""
        curRow = curRow+1
        For ii=0 to count_fields
            curRowString = curRowString& "Field " &"==> " & myrs.fields(ii).Name &" : Value ==>" & myrs.fields(ii).Value & vbCrLf
        Next
        myrs.MoveNext
        reporter.ReportEvent 4,"Current row"& curRow , curRowString
    Loop
End Function

winRunner api 调用，例子中实现如何获得功能执行时间

load_dll ("C:\\WINNT\\SYSTEM32\\kernel32.dll");
extern int GetTickCount();
<code code code>
start=GetTickCount();
<transaction to be timed code goes here>
end=GetTickCount();
# Note posting to a file
post_tick_count_time_lapse(start,end,"Transaction Title","C:\\temp.txt");

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FUNCTION CODE BELOW
public function post_tick_count_time_lapse (in starttime, in endtime, in transtitle, in filename)
{
# Declare variables
auto timelapse;
# Validate parameters
if (nargs() != 3 && nargs() != 4)
{
tl_step ("get_tick_count_time_lapse", FAIL, "Only 3 or 4 parameters are allowed.");
return(E_ILLEGAL_NUM_OF_PARAMS);
}
# Determine how long the transaction took and round
timelapse = int((endtime - starttime) + .5)/1000;
# Post timelapse
if (nargs() == 3) # Was no ouput file specified
report_msg (transtitle & " : " & timelapse & " seconds"); # Send output to the test results
else   # There was an ouput file specified
{
print (transtitle & " : " & timelapse & " seconds |" & get_time()) >> filename; # Append output to specified file
# Note "|" is a file delimiter above
close(filename);
}
return(E_OK);
} 

    WinRunner使用TSL脚本，主要是类c的语法，wr调用com对象难度比较大，这里利用另类办法调用底层com对象，主要利用wr中file的操作以及dos_system的调用方法，实现，通过这种方法可以加强wr的脚本扩展能力的缺陷。例子如下：

public function send_outlook_mail(in to, in cc, in bcc, in subject, in body, in attach)
{
auto i, scrīpt;

scrīpt = getvar("exp") & "\\send_outlook_mail.vbs";

file_open(scrīpt,FO_MODE_WRITE);
file_printf(scrīpt,"Dim objOutlook\r\n");
file_printf(scrīpt,"Dim objOutlookMsg\r\n");
file_printf(scrīpt,"Set ōbjOutlook = CreateObject(\"Outlook.Application\")\r\n");
file_printf(scrīpt,"Set ōbjOutlookMsg = objOutlook.CreateItem(olMailItem)\r\n");
file_printf(scrīpt,"objOutlookMsg.To = \"%s\"\r\n", to);
file_printf(scrīpt,"objOutlookMsg.CC = \"%s\"\r\n", cc);
file_printf(scrīpt,"objOutlookMsg.BCC = \"%s\"\r\n", bcc);
file_printf(scrīpt,"objOutlookMsg.Subject = \"%s\"\r\n", subject);
file_printf(scrīpt,"objOutlookMsg.Body = \"%s\"\r\n", body);
file_printf(scrīpt,"objOutlookMsg.attachments.add \"%s\"\r\n", attach);
file_printf(scrīpt,"objOutlookMsg.Send\r\n");
file_close(scrīpt);
dos_system("wscrīpt \"" & scrīpt & "\"");
#dos_system("del \"" & scrīpt & "\"");
return(E_OK);
}

Example:

send_outlook_mail("pcl@51testing.com.com","","","Daily reports","Winrunner scrīpt to check the status of Daily reports is Completed.Check the results attached.Thanks.",file);

How to Close all Browsers that were opened before WinRunner?

1.The close_browsers function will close browsers that were opened
before WinRunner
function close_browsers()
{
   auto count, count2;
   count = 0;
   while (win_exists("{class: window,MSW_class:browser_main_window,location:" & count & "}")==0)
      count++;
   for (count2 = 0; count2 < count; count2++)
      win_close("{class: window,MSW_class:browser_main_window,location:"0"}"); 
   # close IE-spawned browser windows
   count = 0;
   while (win_exists("{class: window,MSW_class: IEFrame,location:" &
count & "}")==0)
      count++;
   for (count2 = 0; count2 < count; count2++)
      win_close("{class: window,MSW_class: IEFrame,location:"0"}");

   # close browsers open before WinRunner

   set_class_map("mic_unknown_class", "window");
   set_record_attr("mic_unknown_class", "class", "MSW_class",
"location");
   set_record_method("mic_unknown_class", RM_RECORD); 
   count = 0;
   while (win_exists("{class: window,MSW_class:
mic_unknown_class,location: " & count & "}")==0)
      count++;
   for (count2 = 0; count2 < count; count2++)
      win_close("{class: window,MSW_class: mic_unknown_class,location:" & count & "}");
}

2. This version of the function may execute a little faster when using
Netscape:

public function close_all_browsers()
{
    auto desc = "{class: window,MSW_class:
browser_main_window,NSTitle: \"Browser Main
Window\",location:",x,y,done;
    auto desc2 = "{class: window,label: \"!.*Microsoft Internet
Explorer\",MSW_class: IEFrame,location:";
    auto val = 50; # this line acutally sets the number of browser
windows to close
    x = val;
    done=0;
    while(x >= 0)
    {
        y = desc&x--&"}";
        if(E_OK == win_exists(y))
        {
            win_activate(y);
            win_close(y);
        }
    }
    x = val;
    while(x>=0)
    {
        y = desc2&x--&"}";
        if(E_OK == win_exists(y))
        {
           win_activate(y);
            win_close(y);
        }
    }
    return E_OK;
}

3. You can use the undocumented _web_browser_close function to close
all browsers that were opened after WinRunner. Using empty quotes ""
will close all browsers opened after WinRunner. To close a specific
browser, pass the logical name of the browser to the function.

_web_browser_close("");

EXAMPLE:
# Close all open browser windows:
_web_browser_close("");

Here is a function which uses _web_browser_close to close the browsers
opened after WinRunner and will also close the browsers opened before
WinRunner.

public function close_all_browsers2()
{

    # close browser opened after WinRunner
    _web_browser_close("");

    # close browsers open before WinRunner
    set_class_map("mic_unknown_class", "window");
    set_record_attr("mic_unknown_class", "class", "MSW_class",
"location");
    set_record_method("mic_unknown_class", RM_RECORD);

    while (win_exists("{class: window, MSW_class: mic_unknown_class,
location: 0}") == E_OK)
    {
       win_activate("{class: window, MSW_class: mic_unknown_class,
location: 0}");
       win_close("{class: window, MSW_class: mic_unknown_class,
location: 0}");
    }

4. If the functions above have problems closing browsers opened before
WinRunner, you can try using the following code in one of the
functions. This code checks the items in the Shell Tray (the toolbar
at the bottom that lists the running applications) and selects the
ones that correspond with the browsers. This should bring the browser
to the foreground, at which point the type function can be used to
press Alt-F4 in order to close the window. This should work on Windows
95, 98, NT 4.0, and 2000. This will not work on Windows XP in its
current form, due to the way that Windows XP represents the items in
the Shell Tray as a toolbar, rather than a tab control. Similar
functionality should work, however, for Windows XP using toolbar
functions, instead of tab functions.

set_window("Shell_TrayWnd", 3);
tab_get_info("tab", "count", count);
for(i = count-1; i > 0; --i)
{
    tab_get_item("tab", i, item);
    if(match(item, ".*Microsoft Internet Explorer") > 0 || match(item,
".*Netscape") > 0)
    {
       tab_select_item("tab", "#" & i);
       wait(1);
       type("<kAlt_L-kF4>");
       wait(1);
    }

   到今天，hp性能测试工具LoadRunner已经支持多达60种协议，qtp提供25种插件环境，并且其他厂商提供了扩展插件2种，另外hp合作伙伴在测试管理工具qc基础上集成了13种插件，hp测试软件功能越来越强大同时软件包也变得越来越大

HP LoadRunner Protocols:
Action Message Format(AMF O)
c#.Net Template(Visual Studio add-in)
C++.net Template(Visual Studio add-in)
Citrix_ICA
COM/DCOM
CORBA-Java(tm)
C vuser
DB2 CLI
Domain Name Resolution(DNR)
Enterprise Java Protocol
HP WinRunner Software
HP QuickTestProfessional Software
i-mode
internet messaging(imap)
jacada
java Vuser
Javascrīpt Vuser
Lightweight Director Access Protocol(LDAP)
MediaPlayer(mms)
MQSeries-Client
MQSeries-Server
MS Exchange(MAPI)
MS Sequel Server Informix
Multimedia Messaging Service(MMS)
ODBC
Oracle(2-tier)
Oracle NCA
Oracle Web Application 11.i(c&s for Oracle)
Palm
PeopleSoft Tuxedo
Peoplesoft Enterprise(c&s for PeopleSoft)
Post office Protocol(POP3)
RealPlayer
Rmi-java
SAPGUI
SAPGUI/SAP-WEB Dual Protocol
SAP-WEB
Siebel-DB2 CLI
Siebel-Oracle
Siebel-MySql
Siebel-web
Simple Mail Protocol(smtp)
Sybase CTLib
Sybase DBLib
Terminal Emulation(RTE)
Tuxedo 6/7
vb vuser
vb scrīpt vuser
vbnet vuser
vbnet Template(visual studio add-in)
VoiceXML
WAP
Web(http/html)
web click and scrīpt
web services
windows sockets

HP LoadRunner partner protocols:
Cognos(Genilogix)
JDBC(J2EE911)
SIP(Utopia)

HP QuickTest Professional add-ins
Legacy 3270,5250 enulators,vt100
activex
citrix
delphi8.net winforms
htc/viewlink
internet explorer
java swt
jdedwards web client
jdk,javafoundation classes,awt
mozilla firefox 2.0
netscape
oracle 11i
peoplesoft 8.x
sap
siebel 7.x/8.x
stingray
visual basic
visualage smalltalk
vmware desktop support
web forms
web services
windows2000,windows2003,windowsxp ,windos vista
winforms
wpf from.net3.0

HP QuickTest Professional partner add-ins
Flex(adobe)
TestAdvantage(infragistics)

HP Quality Center partner integrations
AccuBridge(accurev)
CollabNet Conector(CollabNet)
NetProcess(Intellicorp)
Integrity Suite(MKS)
Personal Navigator(OnDemand Software)
SCM System(Perforce)
TestSmart(Sapphire infotech)
TeamTrack(Serena)
PVCS Version Manager(Serena)
Profesy(Sofea)
Solstice Integra Suite(Solstice Software)
QAInspect(SPI Dynamics)
Virual QA/Test Lab Management System(Surgient)

如果你有兴趣，请把代码分析的结果写下来，因为看别人的代码，是提高自己自身能力的最快途径之一，当下公司招聘很多都需要测试人员懂工具，有的公司在面试过程中还拿出代码让测试人员来读，分析代码的结果是什么。古人说 "熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也会吟"，希望你也成为一个自动化测试开发高手：

代码 一:

txtSearch = "T"
Set edtxt = CreateObject("Wscrīpt.Shell")
Browser(" ").Page(" ").WebEdit(" ").Click
edtxt.SendKeys(txtSearch)
Set edtxt = Nothing

rowCount = Browser(" ").Page(" ").WebTable(" ").GetROProperty("rows")
For j = 1  to rowCount
      strTxt =  Browser(" ").Page(" ").WebTable(" ").GetCellData(j,1)
      strColor = Browser(" ").Page(" ").WebTable(" ").Object.rows(j-1).cells(1).currentStyle.backgroundColor

       If strColor = "#fffde8" Then
            reporter.ReportEvent micDone, "Text Highlighted", "The text  """&strTxt&""" is highlighted."
        strPos = left(strTxt,1)
            If (Trim(txtSearch) = Trim(strPos)) Then
                      reporter.ReportEvent micPass, "Highlighted", "First Letter of highlighted text  """&strTxt&""" starts with """&strPos&"""."
            Else
                   reporter.ReportEvent micFail, "Highlighted", "Text  """&strTxt&""" doesn't start  with letter """&strPos&"""."
            End If
       End If
Next

代码 二：

Set ōbjDesc = Descrīption.Create()
objDesc("micclass").Value = "WebEdit"

Set ōbjWE = Browser().Page().ChildObjects(objDesc)
objWECount = objWE.Count

For i = 0 to objWECount-1
     Set ōbjCP = objWE(i).Object
     ChkPointWE = objCP.IsContentEditable
     Print objWE(i).GetROProperty("name")
     Print ChkPointWE
Next

代码 三:自动化测试框架代码，本框架基于SAFFRON(mercury)框架为基础实现的针对mercury自带的网上售票系统的关键字数据驱动其中SAFFRON(mercury)部分：

框架核心代码：

'************************************************************
' S.A.F.F.R.O.N. Prototype 1.1'
' Simple Automation Framework For Remarkably Obvious Notes
' Copyright © 2006 Mercury Interactive Corporation
'
' Notes:
'
' Requires QuickTest Professional 9.1
'
' Author       : Adam Gensler
' Created      : July 12, 2006
' Last Updated : September 11, 2006
'
' This prototype framework is provided AS IS, and is meant
' to be used for instructional purposes.
'
' This framework is a prototype, and is not supported
' by Mercury Interactive.
'
'************************************************************
initialized = false
thirdlevel = ""
level = ""
desc = ""
object = ""
objectDescrīption = ""

levelsubdescrīptiondelimiter = ","
leveldescdelimiter = "|"
objectdelimiter = "|"
leveldelimiter = "|"
objectsDescrīptiondelimiter = "|"

webLevels = "Browser|Page|Frame"
webLevelsDesc = "micclass:=Browser|micclass:=Page|micclass:=Frame|"
objects = "Link|WebButton|WebList|WebEdit"
objectsDescrīption = "micclass:=Link|micclass:=WebButton|micclass:=WebList|micclass:=WebEdit"

' Generates a generic descrīption based up on the "level" viarable
' levelstr - will be one of the values that is in the level array
' returns - string representative of the object hierarchy
Public Function GenerateDescrīption (levelstr)
 l = IndexOf(level, levelstr)
 If l >=0 Then
  fdesc = level(0) & "(" & Quote(desc(0)) & ")."
  If l >= 1 Then
   fdesc = fdesc + level(1) & "(" & Quote(desc(1)) & ")."
   If 2 >= l Then
    If thirdlevel <> "" Then
     fdesc = fdesc + level(2) & "(" & Quote(desc(2)) & "," & Quote("name:=" & thirdlevel) & ")."
    End If
   End If
  End If
 End If
   GenerateDescrīption = fdesc
End Function

' Generates an object descrīption based upon the object, and objectDescrīption arrays
' obj - name of the object in the object array
' prop - additional property to help uniquely identify the object
' returns - a string representative of the object descrīption
Public Function GenerateObjectDescrīption (obj, prop)
 i = IndexOf(object, obj)
 ndesc = ""
   If i <> -1 Then
  ndesc = obj & "(" & Quote(objectDescrīption(i)) & "," & Quote(prop) & ")."
 End If
 GenerateobjectDescrīption = ndesc
End Function

' given an array, returns the index of the value to search for
' ary - an array
' str - value to search for in an array
' returns - index in array
Public Function IndexOf (ary, str)
 val = -1
 For i = 0 to UBound(ary)
  If ary(i) = str Then
   val = i
  End If
 Next
 IndexOf = val
End Function

' configures framework to work within the context of a specific frame
' val - the Name of the frame to work within -- use Object Spy if you don't
'       already know the frame name
Public Function WorkInFrame (val)
 Report micPass, "Enter Frame", "Entered scope of frame " & Quote(val)
 thirdlevel = val
End Function

' configures the framework to work outside the context of a specific frame
Public Function StopWorkingInFrame
 Report micPass, "Exit Frame", "Exited scope of frame " & Quote(thirdlevel)
 thirdlevel = ""
End Function

' generates a string with embedded/surrounding quotes
Public Function Quote (txt)
 Quote = chr(34) & txt & chr(34)
End Function

' navigate to a site if the browser is already opened, otherwise run initialization
Public Function BrowseTo (url)
 thirdlevel = ""
 Report micPass, "Navigate to URL", "Navigating to URL: " & Quote(url)
 If initialized Then
  Execute GenerateDescrīption("Browser") & "Navigate " & Quote(url)
 Else
  Launch "website", url
 End If
 Reporter.Filter = rfDisableAll
End Function

' waits for the web page to finish loading
Public Function AutoSync
    Execute GenerateDescrīption("Browser") & "Sync"
End Function

' close all opened browsers
Public Function CloseBrowsers
 If Browser("micclass:=Browser").Exist (0) Then
  Browser("micclass:=Browser").Close
 End If
 While Browser("micclass:=Browser", "index:=1").Exist (0)
  Browser("index:=1").Close
 Wend
 If Browser("micclass:=Browser").Exist (0) Then
  Browser("micclass:=Browser").Close
 End If
End Function

' prepares the framework for usage, and configures all internal framework
' variables and structures
' apptype - used to launch different types of applications based
'           upon different technologies -- currently there is only web
' val     - string that represents what to launch
' returns - always returns true
Public Function Launch (apptype, val)
 If "website" = apptype Then
  thirdlevel = ""
  Report micPass, "Initialize", "Initializing Framework"
  level = split(webLevels, leveldelimiter, -1, 1)
  desc = split(webLevelsDesc, leveldescdelimiter, -1, 1)
  object = split(objects, objectdelimiter, -1, 1)
  objectDescrīption = split(objectsDescrīption, objectsDescrīptiondelimiter, -1, 1)
  CloseBrowsers
  Set IE = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
  IE.visible = true
  IE.Navigate val
  While IE.Busy
   wait 1
  Wend
 End If
 initialized = true
 Launch = true
End Function

' Verify the Existence of an object
' objtype - values should be limited to values in the object array
' text    - multi-purpose argument that indicates what to verify
'         - for a link, or button, it's the text of the control
'         - for a list, it's the name of the control
'         - for a frame, it's the name of the frame
Public Function Verify (objtype, text)
   rval = false
 localDesc = ""
 estr = ""
 If thirdlevel <> "" Then
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(2))
 Else
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(1))
 End If

   AutoSync()

 Select Case objtype
 Case "Page"
  Execute "rval = " & GenerateDescrīption(level(1)) & "Exist (0)"
  If rval Then
   Execute "title = " & GenerateDescrīption(level(1)) & "GetROProperty(" & Quote("title") & ")"
   If title = text Then
    rval = true
   Else
    rval = false
   End If
  End If
 Case "CurrentFrame"
  If thirdlevel <> "" Then
   estr = "rval = " & localDesc
  End If
 Case "Link"
  estr =  "rval = " & localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("Link", "innertext:=" & text)
 Case "WebButton"
  estr = "rval = " & localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebButton", "value:=" & text)
 Case "WebList"
  estr = "rval = " & localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebList", "name:=" & text)
 Case "WebEdit"
  estr = "rval = " & localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebEdit", "name:=" & text)
 End Select

 If estr <> "" Then
  Execute estr + "Exist (0)"
 End If

 If rval Then
  Report micPass, objtype & " Verification", "The " & objtype & " " & Quote(text) & " was verified to exist"
 Else
  Report micFail, objtype & "  Verification", "The " & objtype & " " & Quote(text) & " was not found"
 End If

 If "True" = rval Then
  rval = True
 Else
  rval = False
 End If

   Verify = rval
End Function

' Activates an object based upon its object type
' objtype - the type of object should be limited to values in the object array
' text    - identifying text for the control - for a link, it's the text of the link
Public Function Activate (objtype, text)
 localDesc = ""
 If thirdlevel <> "" Then
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(2))
 Else
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(1))
 End If

 AutoSync() 

 Select Case objtype
 Case  "Link"
  Execute localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("Link","innertext:=" & text) & "Click"
  Report micPass, "Link Activation", "The Link " & Quote(text) & " was clicked."
 Case "WebButton"
  Execute localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebButton", "value:=" & text) & "Click"
  Report micPass, "WebButton Activation", "The WebButton " & Quote(text) & " was clicked."
 End Select
End Function

' Selects a specific value from a listbox, or combobox
' objname - name of the control -- use Object Spy if you don't know the name property
' text    - the item in the combobox to select
Public Function SelectFromList (objname, text)
 localDesc = ""
 rv = ""
 rval = false
 If thirdlevel <> "" Then
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(2))
 Else
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(1))
 End If

 AutoSync() 

 localDesc = localdesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebList", "name:=" & objname)

 Execute "cnt = " & localDesc & "GetROProperty(" & Quote("items count") & ")"
 For i = 1 to cnt
  Execute "rv = " & localDesc & "GetItem (" & i & ")"
  If rv = text Then
   rval = true
  End If
 Next

 If rval Then
  Execute localDesc & "Select " & Quote(text)
 End If
 If rval Then
  Report micPass, "WebList Selection", "The WebList item " & Quote(text) & " was selected."
 Else
  Report micFail, "WebList Selection", "The WebList item " & Quote(text) & " was NOT found."
 End If

 SelectFromList = rval
End Function

' Enters text into an edit field
' objname - name of the control -- use Object Spy if you don't know what it is
' text    - the text to enter into the control
Public Function EnterTextIn (objname, text)
 localDesc = ""
 rval = true
 If thirdlevel <> "" Then
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(2))
 Else
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(1))
 End If

 AutoSync()

 localDesc = localdesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebEdit", "name:=" & objname)
 Execute localDesc & "Set (" & Quote(text) & ")"
 Report micPass, "Enter Text", "Text: " & Quote(text) & " was entered into " & Quote(objname)
 EnterTextIn = rval 
End Function

' Obtains text from a control
' objtype - is the type of control the get the text from
' objname - is the name of the control -- use Object Spy if you don't know the name
' returns - the text of the control
Public Function GetTextFrom (objtype, objname)
 text = ""
 localDesc = ""
 If thirdlevel <> "" Then
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(2))
 Else
  localDesc = GenerateDescrīption(level(1))
 End If

 AutoSync()

 Select Case objtype
  Case "WebEdit"
   Execute "text = " & localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebEdit", "name:=" & objname) & "GetROProperty (" & Quote("value") & ")"
  Case "WebList"
   Execute "text = " & localDesc & GenerateObjectDescrīption("WebList", "name:=" & objname) & "GetROProperty (" & Quote("value") & ")"
 End Select
 Report micPass, "Capture Text", "Text: " & Quote(text) & " was captured from the control " & Quote(objname)
 GetTextFrom = text
End Function

' Wrapper for the Reporter.Report Event method
' - could be used to create custom reports more easily
' See Reporter.ReportEvent documentation for usage
Public Function Report (status, objtype, text)
 Reporter.Filter = rtEnableAll
 Reporter.ReportEvent status, objtype, text
 Reporter.Filter = rfDisableAll
End Function

基于此框架的qtp网上售票的系统的框架代码例子想要的人请加： pcl2004_19@hotmail.com

 有个网友接到工作任务产生测试数据，具体任务如下：
“我们老大给了个这个的任务给我：
  质量:重复率<0.1%,相似率<10%
  数据根据该字段的类型和长度生成, 涵盖各种情况,包括边界值,异常值....字符串要包含所有字符集,规定的所有长度,时间跨度取前后3年以上,枚举字段要随机取完所有值....
  特殊要求:
  固定在一个字段里放测试标识,如在作者字段的前两个字符为"测试",便于识别和删除...”
  他的解决问题思路是通过lr把现有数据库中的数据导入到参数文件中，然后发送给服务器（不知道他为什么从数据库中读取数据，然后再发送），导入到file中遇到问题是 lr报错 “check file format”。经过交流之后我们把他的问题简单化，其实就是一个目标产生数据，但是中间遇到的是两个问题，一个是数据来源问题  一个是数据如何发送问题

 1.数据来源，如果是要网页文件信息，从他的方法来看，是利用lr读取数据库，那么我们来看看结合lr如何做呢？首先是利用vc写一个dll，从服务器上读取字段内容，然后在lr中读取该代码，2007年的时候当时帮大连的一个朋友写过一个dll代码，就是读取oracle数据库字段内容的，然后再lr中使用。根据以上思路写了个vc中伪代码（伪代码就是没有经过调试，或者没有实现完全的代码）如下：
   _ConnectionPtr pConnection;
_RecordsetPtr pRecordSet;
ICfxDataAdoPtr pCfxDataAdo;

pRecordSet.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Recordset));
pConnection.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection));

 // Read from database
 pConnection->ConnectionString ="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Persist Security Info=False;Data Source=";
 pConnection->Open("","","",-1);
 pRecordSet = pConnection->Execute("SELECT * FROM xxx",NULL,-1);
 //获得pRecordSet字段数据
   
  pRecordSet->Close();
  pConnection->Close();
 
    以上代码可以封装成函数放入dll后，在lr中调用dll，lr中的代码伪代码如下，

   
    rc=lr_load_dll("xxx.dll");
 if( rc != 0 ){
  lr_error_message("lr_load_dll of advapi32.dll failed. Aborted for rc=%d",rc);
  lr_abort();
 }else{
           strcpy(data,dll中调用返回的函数数据);
           web_submit_form 发送出去要发送的数据包

 }

       我们在换一个思路，如果就是为了得到html这样的数据，那么我们是否可以自己写代码得到网站上任何的Html代码作为自己的数据，用vbs写了段代码：
   Set XML = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
   XML.Open "GET", "http://www.51testing.com", False
   XML.Send
   vResponse = XML.responseText
   MsgBox vResponse
   以上代码调试通过
 
   2.如何发送数据包
     方法可以是利用lr发送，可以是直接发送请求，我们看如何直接发送请求，代码如下：
     Dim xmlhttp
    Set xmlhttp = New MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP
    xmlhttp.Open "POST", "http://xxxxxxx", False
    xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "xxxxx"
    xmlhttp.send DataToSend
   
    Set xmlhttp = Nothing

DataToSend
=====================================================
<HTML>

  <HEAD>
    <title>demo</title>
  </HEAD>

  <BODY>
     xxxxxx
  </BODY>
</HTML>
 
   思路如上，解决问题中具体用到的技术大家可以找相应资料深入研究下。   
 

    昨天在做Qtp培训发给学员资料的时候无意中找到以前的资料，记得刚参加工作的时候自动化测试就知道Rational robot，感觉工具特别好，也激起了很大的热情和兴趣，对Robot做了很多研究，当时还写了很多关于robot的文章，也曾经憧憬着做中国第一个自动化测试项目，后来加入51testing由于工作需要接触了wr,qtp,silktest等功能自动化测试工具，随着时间的推移wr robot逐渐淡出大家的视线。其实每一个工具都有自己的特点在里面，好比一个人一样有自己的风格，在不同的项目用不同的工具，只有结合起来才能发挥最大的威力，下面是一些代码例子，算是做个纪念：

1.WinRunner如何加载Dll，例子代码如下：

rc1 = reload ( "win32api", 1, 1 );
if ( rc1 != 0 )
 { tl_step ( "Error Message", FAIL, "[reload(\"win32api\")] - FAILED!"); }
else
 { tl_step ( "Status Message", PASS, "[reload(\"win32api\")] - OK"); }

public function phone_num_gen (out phone)
{
 auto x, areacode, prefix, sufix;

 x = int ( rand(GetTickCount())*1000000000000 );
 areacode = substr(x, 1 ,3);
 prefix = substr(x, 4, 3);
 sufix = substr(x, 7, 4);
 phone = "(" & areacode & ") " & prefix & "-" & sufix;
 return ( E_OK );
}

for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
{
 phone_num_gen(num);
 printf(num);
}

rc1 = unload ( "win32api" );
if ( rc1 != 0 )
 { tl_step ( "Error Message", FAIL, "[unload(\"win32api\")] - FAILED!"); }
else
 { tl_step ( "Status Message", PASS, "[unload(\"win32api\")] - OK"); }

2.在winrunner中如何统计代码行，提供一种解决思路

public function cloc ( in fileX, inout lines_code, inout lines_blank_or_comment, inout total_LOC  )
{
 auto line;

 # Initialize variables ...
 lines_code = 0;

 file_open ( fileX, FO_MODE_READ );

 while ( file_getline( fileX, line ) == 0 )
 {
  # Blank or Coment lines ...
  if ( match( line, "[^#]" ) == 1 )
  {
   lines_blank_or_comment++;
  }
  else
  {
   lines_code++;
  }
 }

 total_LOC = lines_code + lines_blank_or_comment;

 file_close ( fileX );
}

rc1 = cloc( "C:\\Junk1\\scrīpt", LOC, BlankOrComment, TLOC );

printf ( "Total Number of lines of code: %s\r\n", LOC );
printf ( "Total Comment or blank lines in code: %s\r\n", BlankOrComment );
printf ( "Total lines in file: %s\r\n", TLOC );

3.winrunner错误处理函数

function CreateErrorMessageArray ( inout ErrorMsgArray[] )
{
 # Location of WinRunner scrīpt which defines the error message codes
 auto ErrorMsgFile = getenv ( "M_ROOT" )  & "\\lib\\wr_gen\\scrīpt";
 auto rc = E_OK;  # Return code for this function
 auto character;  # Store a character
 auto line;   # Store a line from file
 auto tmpline;  # Store a line with no tab or spaces
 auto counter;  # Used to strip tab and spaces out of the line
 static tmpArray[]; # Store split (  )  results

 # Delete everything in the ErrorMsgArray
 for  ( counter in ErrorMsgArray )
  delete ErrorMsgArray[counter];

 rc = file_open ( ErrorMsgFile,FO_MODE_READ );
 if  ( rc != E_OK )
  return  ( rc );

 #Parse the file looking for "public const E_"
 while ( file_getline ( ErrorMsgFile,line ) == 0 )
 {
  if  ( index(line, "public const E_") > 0 )
  {
   # Get rid of spaces and tab characters
   tmpline = "";
   for  ( counter = 1; counter <= length(line); counter++ )
   {
    character = substr ( line, counter, 1 );
    if  ( (character != " ") && (character != "\t") )
     tmpline = tmpline & character;
   }
   split  ( tmpline, tmpArray, "=" );

   # The substr ( tmpArray[2],1, length ( tmpArray[2] ) -1 ) gets rid of the trailing semicolon  ( ; )
   # The substr ( tmpArray[1], 12 ) is the error code minus the public const
   if  ( ErrorMsgArray[substr(tmpArray[2], 1, length(tmpArray[2] - 1 )  ) ] )
   {
     ErrorMsgArray[substr(tmpArray[2], 1, length(tmpArray[2] - 1) ) ] =
     ErrorMsgArray[substr(tmpArray[2], 1, length(tmpArray[2] - 1) ) ]&", "&
     substr(tmpArray[1], 12 );
   }
   else
   {
    ErrorMsgArray[substr(tmpArray[2], 1, length(tmpArray[2]) - 1) ] =
    substr(tmpArray[1], 12);
   }
  }
 }
 file_close ( ErrorMsgFile );
 return  ( E_OK );
}

function GetErrorMessage ( inout ErrorMsgArray[], in ErrorCode )
{
 return ( ErrorMsgArray[ErrorCode] );
}

      今天用VB写创建AOM对象,代码执行如下的时候就报错：

      Set Qtp_App=CreateObject("QuickTest.Application")'报错 ActiveX控件不能创建

      单独打开qtp没有问题，就是以上代码会出现问题，最后找了下论坛中的是否有人遇到同样的问题，也没有最后给解决办法，最后自动动手丰衣足食，分析结果是直接注册QTObjectModel.dll也不能解决以上问题，分析应该是有相关dll对象耦合在一起了，所以重新注册相应的dll就可以解决了，大胆推断后，然后就是小心求证，最后问题解决

      解决方法尝试如下：重新执行C:\Program Files\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest Professional\bin\QuickTestProfessional.bat，也就是重新注册qtp dll,执行完毕后执行代码，没有报错

       在自动化测试框架中经常设计分布式执行用例，调用不同计算机机上的qtp来执行，如何远程调用qtp有以下几个方法：

       1.利用qc启动相应机器上qtp执行自动化测试用例

          打开QC 打开test lab--> in the execution flow-->设置

       2.利用wmi对象远程启动远程进程

         脚本代码例子：

         strComputer = "."
         strCommand = "QPro.exe"

         Const INTERVAL = "n"
         Const MINUTES = 1

         Set ōbjWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
         Set ōbjScheduledJob = objWMIService.Get("Win32_ScheduledJob")
         Set ōbjSWbemDateTime = CreateObject("Wbemscrīpting.SWbemDateTime")

         objSWbemDateTime.SetVarDate(DateAdd(INTERVAL, MINUTES, Now()))
         errReturn = objScheduledJob.Create(strCommand, objSWbemDateTime.Value, False, 0, 0, True, intJobID)

         If errReturn = 0 Then
            Wscrīpt.Echo "notepad.exe was started with a process ID: " & intJobID
         Else
            Wscrīpt.Echo "notepad.exe could not be started due to error: "&errReturn
         End If
  

       3.利用lr controller远程启动qtp自动化测试脚本

        打开controller，然后加载qtp脚本，设置load generator

Write a program to delete Line in file?

思路：封装scrīpting.filesystemobject对象，利用readline方法

Function DeleteLine(strFile, strKey, LineNumber, CheckCase)

'Use strFile = "c:\file.txt"  (Full path to text file)
'Use strKey = "John Doe"      (Lines containing this text string to be deleted)
'Use strKey = ""              (To not use keyword search)
'Use LineNumber = "1"         (Enter specific line number to delete)
'Use LineNumber = "0"         (To ignore line numbers)
'Use CheckCase = "1"          (For case sensitive search )
'Use CheckCase = "0"          (To ignore upper/lower case characters)

   Const ForReading=1:Const ForWriting=2
   Dim objFSO,objFile,Count,strLine,strLineCase,strNewFile
   Set ōbjFSO=CreateObject("scrīpting.FileSystemObject")
   Set ōbjFile=objFSO.OpenTextFile(strFile,ForReading)
   Do Until objFile.AtEndOfStream
      strLine=objFile.Readline
      If CheckCase=0 then strLineCase=ucase(strLine):strKey=ucase(strKey)
      If LineNumber=objFile.Line-1 or LineNumber=0 then
         If instr(strLine,strKey) or instr(strLineCase,strkey) or strKey="" then
            strNewFile=strNewFile
         Else
            strNewFile=strNewFile&strLine&vbcrlf
         End If
      Else
         strNewFile=strNewFile&strLine&vbcrlf
      End If
   Loop
   objFile.Close
   Set ōbjFSO=CreateObject("scrīpting.FileSystemObject")
   Set ōbjFile=objFSO.OpenTextFile(strFile,ForWriting)
   objFile.Write strNewFile
   objFile.Close

End Function

  一般vb中创建对象有两种形式：

  （1）

  dim   a   as   object_x  
  这样只是定义对象A的一个标识,并没有开辟内存空间来创建这个对象.  
  dim   a   as   new   object_x  
 

  这样定义就开辟了内存空间,即在定义对象时就构建了这个对象.其它等于:  
 

  （2）

  dim   a   as   object_x  
  set   a= new   object_x  

  或者  
  dim   a   as   object_x  
  set   a= CreateObject("objectname”)

 
  CreateObject支持更多的对象定义.比如用VB6写的DLL不是标准格式的DLL,一般用CreateObject来完成对象的创建,而且在VBscrīpt（qtp）等VB的子集中也只支持用CreateObject.