网页自动测试 3.一个独立的测试单元

写一个完成的测试软件和写其它的测试软件没有什么不同，大体上是两种方法，top-down, or bottoms-up
要么从顶到底，从整体到局部，要么从底到顶，从局部到具体。只要始终不失去对全局的把握，无论那种方法都是没有关系的。

我习惯上是从底到顶，因为当我能够实现一个最小的测试单元的时候，我会更加有信心。

＝＝＝＝

即便是最小的测试单元，它也是需要完整的规划的。我设计中的逻辑步骤如下：

1。建立测试环境
2。建立测试数据
3。开始测试
4。清理测试数据
5。完成

在考虑了模块化之后，我的主测试程序如下：
-------- tc_adduser.pl -----------
#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use Time::HiRes qw(sleep);
use Test::WWW::Selenium;
use Test::More tests => 11;
use Test::Exception;

use lib '/path/to/util pm file';
use Util;

# global veriables
our $host;
our $port;
our $browser;
our $browser_url;
our $configfile="test.conf";

# read configruation file
our $config=Util::readconfig($configfile);
$host=$config->{'host'};
$port=$config->{'port'};
$browser=$config->{'browser'};
$browser_url=$config->{'browser_url'};

# check testing environment
if (envcheck()){
    print "\nEnvironment is ready for testing...";
}else{
    exit 1;
}
my $testdata=prepare_data();
# run test
run_test($testdata);
cleanup_data($testdata);
print "\ntest finished\n";
------------------ end of main, (not end of file) ---------
功能部件如下：
#######################################################
########            sub routiens            ###########
#######################################################

# run all test case here
sub run_test{
    print "\ntest starts...\n";
    my $data=shift;
    my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium->new( host => $host,
                                        port => $port,
                                        browser => $browser,
                                        browser_url => $browser_url);
    $sel->open_ok("/ipa");
    $sel->click_ok("link=Add User");
    $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000");
    $sel->type_ok("form_title", $data->{'title'});
    $sel->type_ok("form_givenname", $data->{'givenname'});
    $sel->type_ok("form_sn", $data->{'sn'});
    $sel->type_ok("form_krbprincipalkey", $data->{'krbprincipalkey'});
    $sel->type_ok("form_krbprincipalkey_confirm", $data->{'krbprincipalkey'});
    $sel->click_ok("document.form.submit[1]");
    $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000");
    $sel->is_text_present_ok($data->{'sn'}." added!");
}# run_test


# loadconfig : this sub will call readconfig, and do environment check on the input data
#              return 1 if (1) config file can read (2) configuration data is ok
sub envcheck{
    my $retval=0;
    if (defined $host || defined $port || defined $browser || defined $browser_url)
    {
        print "\ntest with the following configuration:\n";
        print "\nhost   : $host";
        print "\nport   : $port";
        print "\nbrowser: $browser";
        print "\nurl    : $browser_url";
        print "\nstart environment check";
        if (pinghost($host, $port)){
            print "\nEnviromnent report: selenium server alive at [$host:$port]";
            $retval=1;
        }else{
            print "\nEnvironment report: selenium server can not be reached at [$host:$port]";
            print "\nexit testing on error: can not reach selenium server\n";
        }
    }else
    {
        print "no test.conf found, and no default value defined, exit test";
    }   
    return $retval;
}#envcheck

# prepare_data : this sub will generate testing data.
sub prepare_data{
    #TODO: i need make sure this data does not exist before we start test
    my %newuser=('title'=>'auto001',
                 'givenname'=>'selenium',
                 'sn'=>'002',
                 'krbprincipalkey'=>'password123');
                 
    return \%newuser;
}# prepare_data

sub cleanup_data{
    #TODO: Clean data from server, so we have clean system each time
    print "\ntest data should be deleted from server, so we have a clean system after we finish the test";
}
------------ now this is end of tc_adduser.pl -------------

----- here is the util.pm -----------
#!/usr/bin/perl
# filename: general utilities
#
package Util;
use Carp;
#use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK);
use IO::Socket;

require Exporter;
#require AutoLoader;

$VERSION='0.01';
@ISA=qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(printhash printarray loadconfig pinghost);


# in: hash reference
# out:NONE, just print
sub printhash {
    my $hash=shift;
    my %h=%$hash;
    foreach (sort keys %h){
        print "\nkey=[$_] value=[$h{$_}]";
    }
}

sub printarray {
    my $arrey=shift;
    my @a=@$array;
    foreach (sort  @a){
        print "\n value=[$_]";
    }
}


# readconfig : input: a key=value pair config file
sub readconfig{
    my $configfile=shift;
    my %c;
    if (open(CONFIG,$configfile)){
        print "\nloading configruation fle [$configfile] ...";
        my @con= <CONFIG>;
        foreach my $line (@con){
            chomp($line);
            # the basic format of config file would be: position = name ; sample data 0=version
            next if $line=~ m/^#/;    # ignore commends line ==> starts with "#" char
            next if $line=~ m/^\s*$/;    # ignore empty lines
            next if $line=~ m/^\[/;    # ignore lines such as [system]
            my @pair = split(/=/,$line);
            $pair[0] =~s/ //g; # replace " " - white space with nothing, which means delete all white space
            $pair[1] =~s/ //g;
            $c{$pair[0]} = $pair[1];
            #print $pair[0];
            #print $pair[1];
        }
        print " done \n";
        close CONFIG;
    }else{
        print "\nfile [$configfile] can not open ";
    }
    return \%c;
}#readconfig

##############################
#     network utilities      #
##############################
sub pinghost{
    # input: ($host, $port)
    # output: return 1 if remote host active on given port, otherwise, return 0
    my ($host, $port)= @_;
    my $return = 0;
    #  Try to connect
    my $remote = IO::Socket::INET->new(
        Proto    => "tcp",
        PeerAddr => $host,
        PeerPort => $port,
        Timeout  => 8,
    );
    # verify response
    if ($remote) {
        # print "$host is alive\n";
        close $remote;
        $return = 1;
    }
    return $return;
}

1;

----------------- end of Util.pm ------------------

今天的任务就到此为止了。
完成了一个独立测试单元是为了给我一个具体而微的全局概念。我现在基本上知道我还需要做那些工作了。我需要好好想一下，给出一个任务清单－－等于是列出一个具体的设计方案