一.JUnit介绍
测试类命名规则：被测试类+Test，如UserServiceTest
测试用例命名规则：test+用例方法，如testGet
Maven导入junit、sprint-test 、json-path相关测试包，并配置maven-suerfire-plugin插件，编辑pom.xml
<dependencies> <!-- Test Unit --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Json断言测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId> <artifactId>json-path</artifactId> <version>2.4.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <!-- 单元测试插件 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.20</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.maven.surefire</groupId> <artifactId>surefire-junit4</artifactId> <version>2.20</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <configuration> <!-- 是否跳过测试 --> <skipTests>false</skipTests> <!-- 排除测试类 --> <excludes> <exclude>**/Base*</exclude> </excludes> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> |
二.Service层测试示例
创建Service层测试基类，新建BaseServiceTest.java
// 配置Spring中的测试环境 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) // 指定Spring的配置文件路径 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext.xml"}) // 测试类开启事务,需要指定事务管理器,默认测试完成后,数据库操作自动回滚 @Transactional(transactionManager = "transactionManager") // 指定数据库操作不回滚,可选 @Rollback(value = false) public class BaseServiceTest { } |
测试UserService类，新建测试类UserServiceTest.java
public class UserServiceTest extends BaseServiceTest { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserServiceTest.class); @Resource private UserService userService; @Test public void testGet() { UserDO userDO = userService.get(1); Assert.assertNotNull(userDO); LOGGER.info(userDO.getUsername()); // 增加验证断言 Assert.assertEquals("testGet faield", "Google", userDO.getUsername()); } } |
三.Controller层测试示示例
创建Controller层测试基类，新建BaseControllerTest.java
// 配置Spring中的测试环境 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) // 指定测试环境使用的ApplicationContext是WebApplicationContext类型的 // value指定web应用的根 @WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp") // 指定Spring容器层次和配置文件路径 @ContextHierarchy({ @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext.xml"}), @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = {"classpath*:/spring/applicationContext_mvc.xml"}) }) // 测试类开启事务,需要指定事务管理器,默认测试完成后,数据库操作自动回滚 @Transactional(transactionManager = "transactionManager") // 指定数据库操作不回滚,可选 @Rollback(value = false) public class BaseControllerTest { } |
测试IndexController类，新建测试类IndexControllerTest.java
public class IndexControllerTest extends BaseControllerTest { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserServiceTest.class); // 注入webApplicationContext @Resource private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext; private MockMvc mockMvc; // 初始化mockMvc,在每个测试方法前执行 @Before public void setup() { this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.webApplicationContext).build(); } @Test public void testIndex() throws Exception { /** * mockMvc.perform()执行一个请求 * get("/server/get")构造一个请求 * andExpect()添加验证规则 * andDo()添加一个结果处理器 * andReturn()执行完成后返回结果 */ MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/server/get") .param("id", "1")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.username").value("Google")) .andDo(print()) .andReturn(); LOGGER.info(result.getResponse().getContentAsString()); // 增加验证断言 Assert.assertNotNull(result.getResponse().getContentAsString()); } } |
四.执行单元测试
工程测试目录结构如下，运行mvn test命令，自动执行maven-suerfire-plugin插件
执行结果
五.异常情况
执行测试用例时可能抛BeanCreationNotAllowedException异常
[11 20:47:18,133 WARN ] [Thread-3] (AbstractApplicationContext.java:994) - Exception thrown from ApplicationListener handling ContextClosedEvent org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationNotAllowedException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory': Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction (Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:216) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202) at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.retrieveApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:235) at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.getApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:192) at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:128) |
通过注入DefaultLifecycleProcessor解决，编辑resources/spring/applicationContext.xml
<bean id="lifecycleProcessor" class="org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor">
<property name="timeoutPerShutdownPhase" value="10000"/>
</bean>
