前言
登录页面会遇到滑动解锁,滑动解锁的目的就是为了防止别人用代码登录(也就是为了防止你自动化登录),有些滑动解锁是需要去拼图这种会难一点。
滑动解锁场景
看下图,是我本地写的一个 slider.html 网页
除了输入账号和密码,还需将滑块拖动到最右端才能解锁。
最后才去点登陆按钮。
ActionChains 滑动滑块
查看 ActionChains 使用源码,相关介绍
ActionChains是一种自动化低级交互的方法,比如鼠标移动、鼠标按钮操作、按键和上下文菜单交互。这对于执行更复杂的操作(如悬停和拖放)非常有用
在调用ActionChains对象上的操作方法时,这些操作存储在ActionChains对象的队列中。调用perform()时,事件将按其顺序激发排队等候。
使用上有2种实例,一种可用于链模式
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav") hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform() |
另外一种方式操作可以一个接一个排队,然后执行
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav") hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") actions = ActionChains(driver) actions.move_to_element(menu) actions.click(hidden_submenu) actions.perform() |
不管是哪种方式,动作都是按照调用的顺序执行的,一个接一个另一个。
实现代码
selenium 里面滑动滑块需用到鼠标事件,回放下刚才操作的慢动作:按住 >> 按钮 -> 往右移动鼠标到最右端 -> 释放鼠标 -> 解锁成功
于是会用到click_and_hold move_by_offset release 这三个方法,最后用 perform() 执行
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains # 作者-上海悠悠 QQ交流群:717225969 # blog地址 https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/ driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get("file:///C:/Users/dell/Desktop/slider.html") driver.maximize_window() driver.find_element_by_id('id_username').send_keys("yoyo") driver.find_element_by_id('id_password').send_keys("123456") slider = driver.find_element_by_class_name("slider") # 滑块解锁 action = ActionChains(driver) action.click_and_hold(slider) # 按住 action.move_by_offset(248, 0) # 往右偏移248个像素 action.release() # 释放鼠标 action.perform() # 执行 # 点登陆按钮 # driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@type="submit"]').click() |
具体拖动多少像素,可以拖动鼠标后看偏移量,如下图 248px。
ActionChains 相关源码
ActionChains 相关源码和使用说明
class ActionChains(object): """ 一种方式操作可以一个接一个排队,然后执行 menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav") hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform() 另外一种方式操作可以一个接一个排队,然后执行 menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav") hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") actions = ActionChains(driver) actions.move_to_element(menu) actions.click(hidden_submenu) actions.perform() 不管是哪种方式,动作都是按照调用的顺序执行的,一个接一个另一个。 """ def __init__(self, driver): def perform(self): """ 执行所有的动作,放到最后 """ def reset_actions(self): """ Clears actions that are already stored locally and on the remote end """ def click(self, on_element=None): """ 点击元素 :Args: - on_element: The element to click. If None, clicks on current mouse position. """ def click_and_hold(self, on_element=None): """ 按住鼠标左键 :Args: - on_element: The element to mouse down. If None, clicks on current mouse position. """ def context_click(self, on_element=None): """ 点击鼠标右键 :Args: - on_element: The element to context-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position. """ def double_click(self, on_element=None): """ 双击鼠标 :Args: - on_element: The element to double-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position. """ def drag_and_drop(self, source, target): """ 按住鼠标左键在元素source上,然后拖动元素target位置并释放鼠标 :Args: - source: The element to mouse down. - target: The element to mouse up. """ def drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset): """ 在source元素上按住鼠标左键,然后移动到目标偏移(相对source元素的偏移)并释放鼠标按钮 :Args: - source: The element to mouse down. - xoffset: X offset to move to. - yoffset: Y offset to move to. """ def key_down(self, value, element=None): """ 同时按住几个键不释放,只能与修改键(Control、Alt和Shift)一起使用 :Args: - value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in `Keys` class. - element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element. Example, pressing ctrl+c:: ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() """ def key_up(self, value, element=None): """ 释放按住的键,跟上面一个相对应 :Args: - value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class. - element: The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element. Example, pressing ctrl+c:: ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() """ def move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset): """ 将鼠标移动到距当前鼠标位置的偏移位置。 :Args: - xoffset: X offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer. - yoffset: Y offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer. """ def move_to_element(self, to_element): """ 将鼠标移到元素的中间 :Args: - to_element: The WebElement to move to. """ def move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset): """ 按指定元素的偏移量移动鼠标。偏移相对于元素的左上角。 :Args: - to_element: The WebElement to move to. - xoffset: X offset to move to. - yoffset: Y offset to move to. """ def pause(self, seconds): """ 在指定的持续时间内暂停所有输入(以秒为单位)""" def release(self, on_element=None): """ 在元素上释放按住的鼠标按钮。 :Args: - on_element: The element to mouse up. If None, releases on current mouse position. """ def send_keys(self, *keys_to_send): """ 将键发送到当前聚焦元素。 :Args: - keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the 'Keys' class. """ def send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send): """ 向元素发送键。 :Args: - element: The element to send keys. - keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the 'Keys' class. """ |
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