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  • LoadRunner英文 面试问题(附答案)

    2009-05-22 16:40:56

    1.     What is load testing? - Load testing is to test that if the application works fine with the loads that result from large number of simultaneous users, transactions and to determine weather it can handle peak usage periods.

    2.     What is Performance testing? - Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine whether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe. This should be done standalone and then in a multi user environment to determine the effect of multiple transactions on the timing of a single transaction.

    3.     Did u use LoadRunner? What version? - Yes. Version 7.2.

    4.     Explain the Load testing process? -
    Step 1: Planning the test. Here, we develop a clearly defined test plan to ensure the test scenarios we develop will accomplish load-testing objectives. Step 2: Creating Vusers. Here, we create Vuser scrīpts that contain tasks performed by each Vuser, tasks performed by Vusers as a whole, and tasks measured as transactions. Step 3: Creating the scenario. A scenario describes the events that occur during a testing session. It includes a list of machines, scrīpts, and Vusers that run during the scenario. We create scenarios using LoadRunner Controller. We can create manual scenarios as well as goal-oriented scenarios. In manual scenarios, we define the number of Vusers, the load generator machines, and percentage of Vusers to be assigned to each scrīpt. For web tests, we may create a goal-oriented scenario where we define the goal that our test has to achieve. LoadRunner automatically builds a scenario for us. Step 4: Running the scenario.
    We emulate load on the server by instructing multiple Vusers to perform. tasks simultaneously. Before the testing, we set the scenario configuration and scheduling. We can run the entire scenario, Vuser groups, or individual Vusers. Step 5: Monitoring the scenario.
    We monitor scenario execution using the LoadRunner online runtime, transaction, system resource, Web resource, Web server resource, Web application server resource, database server resource, network delay, streaming media resource, firewall server resource, ERP server resource, and
    Java performance monitors. Step 6: Analyzing test results. During scenario execution, LoadRunner records the performance of the application under different loads. We use LoadRunner’s graphs and reports to analyze the application’s performance.

    5.     When do you do load and performance Testing? - We perform. load testing once we are done with interface (GUI) testing. Modern system architectures are large and complex. Whereas single user testing primarily on functionality and user interface of a system component, application testing focuses on performance and reliability of an entire system. For example, a typical application-testing scenario might depict 1000 users logging in simultaneously to a system. This gives rise to issues such as what is the response time of the system, does it crash, will it go with different software applications and platforms, can it hold so many hundreds and thousands of users, etc. This is when we set do load and performance testing.

    6.     What are the components of LoadRunner? - The components of LoadRunner are The Virtual User Generator, Controller, and the Agent process, LoadRunner Analysis and Monitoring, LoadRunner Books Online.

    7.     What Component of LoadRunner would you use to record a scrīpt? - The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a scrīpt. It enables you to develop Vuser scrīpts for a variety of application types and communication protocols.

    8.     What Component of LoadRunner would you use to play Back the scrīpt in multi user mode? - The Controller component is used to playback the scrīpt in multi-user mode. This is done during a scenario run where a vuser scrīpt is executed by a number of vusers in a group.

    9.     What is a rendezvous point? - You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scrīpts to emulate heavy user load on the server. Rendezvous points instruct Vusers to wait during test execution for multiple Vusers to arrive at a certain point, in order that they may simultaneously perform. a task. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you can insert a rendezvous point instructing 100 Vusers to deposit cash into their accounts at the same time.

    10. What is a scenario? - A scenario defines the events that occur during each testing session. For example, a scenario defines and controls the number of users to emulate, the actions to be performed, and the machines on which the virtual users run their emulations.

    11. Explain the recording mode for web Vuser scrīpt? - We use VuGen to develop a Vuser scrīpt by recording a user performing typical business processes on a client application. VuGen creates the scrīpt by recording the activity between the client and the server. For example, in web based applications, VuGen monitors the client end of the database and traces all the requests sent to, and received from, the database server. We use VuGen to: Monitor the communication between the application and the server; Generate the required function calls; and Insert the generated function calls into a Vuser scrīpt.

    12. Why do you create parameters? - Parameters are like scrīpt variables. They are used to vary input to the server and to emulate real users. Different sets of data are sent to the server each time the scrīpt is run. Better simulate the usage model for more accurate testing from the Controller; one scrīpt can emulate many different users on the system.

    13. What is correlation? Explain the difference between automatic correlation and manual correlation? - Correlation is used to obtain data which are unique for each run of the scrīpt and which are generated by nested queries. Correlation provides the value to avoid errors arising out of duplicate values and also optimizing the code (to avoid nested queries). Automatic correlation is where we set some rules for correlation. It can be application server specific. Here values are replaced by data which are created by these rules. In manual correlation, the value we want to correlate is scanned and create correlation is used to correlate.

    14. How do you find out where correlation is required? Give few examples from your projects? - Two ways: First we can scan for correlations, and see the list of values which can be correlated. From this we can pick a value to be correlated. Secondly, we can record two scrīpts and compare them. We can look up the difference file to see for the values which needed to be correlated.  In my project, there was a unique id developed for each customer, it was nothing but Insurance Number, it was generated automatically and it was sequential and this value was unique. I had to correlate this value, in order to avoid errors while running my scrīpt. I did using scan for correlation.

    15. Where do you set automatic correlation options? - Automatic correlation from web point of view can be set in recording options and correlation tab. Here we can enable correlation for the entire scrīpt and choose either issue online messages or offline actions, where we can define rules for that correlation. Automatic correlation for database can be done using show output window and scan for correlation and picking the correlate query tab and choose which query value we want to correlate. If we know the specific value to be correlated, we just do create correlation for the value and specify how the value to be created.

    16. What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web Vuser scrīpt? - Web_reg_save_param function saves dynamic data information to a parameter.

    17. When do you disable log in Virtual User Generator, When do you choose standard and extended logs? - Once we debug our scrīpt and verify that it is functional, we can enable logging for errors only. When we add a scrīpt to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. Standard Log Option: When you select
    Standard log, it creates a standard log of functions and messages sent during scrīpt execution to use for debugging. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a scrīpt to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled Extended Log Option: Select
    extended log to create an extended log, including warnings and other messages. Disable this option for large load testing scenarios. When you copy a scrīpt to a scenario, logging is automatically disabled. We can specify which additional information should be added to the extended log using the Extended log options.

    18. How do you debug a LoadRunner scrīpt? - VuGen contains two options to help debug Vuser scrīpts-the Run Step by Step command and breakpoints. The Debug settings in the Options dialog box allow us to determine the extent of the trace to be performed during scenario execution. The debug information is written to the Output window. We can manually set the message class within your scrīpt using the lr_set_debug_message function. This is useful if we want to receive debug information about a small section of the scrīpt only.

    19. How do you write user defined functions in LR? Give me few functions you wrote in your previous project? - Before we create the User Defined functions we need to create the external
    library (DLL) with the function. We add this library to VuGen bin directory. Once the library is added then we assign user defined function as a parameter. The function should have the following format: __declspec (dllexport) char* <function name>(char*, char*)Examples of user defined functions are as follows:GetVersion, GetCurrentTime, GetPltform. are some of the user defined functions used in my earlier project.

    20. What are the changes you can make in run-time settings? - The Run Time Settings that we make are: a) Pacing - It has iteration count. b) Log - Under this we have Disable Logging Standard Log and c) Extended Think Time - In think time we have two options like Ignore think time and Replay think time. d) General - Under general tab we can set the vusers as process or as multithreading and whether each step as a transaction.

    21. Where do you set Iteration for Vuser testing? - We set Iterations in the Run Time Settings of the VuGen. The navigation for this is Run time settings, Pacing tab, set number of iterations.

    22. How do you perform. functional testing under load? - Functionality under load can be tested by running several Vusers concurrently. By increasing the amount of Vusers, we can determine how much load the server can sustain.

    23. What is Ramp up? How do you set this? - This option is used to gradually increase the amount of Vusers/load on the server. An initial value is set and a value to wait between intervals can be
    specified. To set Ramp Up, go to ‘Scenario Scheduling Options’

    24. What is the advantage of running the Vuser as thread? - VuGen provides the facility to use multithreading. This enables more Vusers to be run per
    generator. If the Vuser is run as a process, the same driver program is loaded into memory for each Vuser, thus taking up a large amount of memory. This limits the number of Vusers that can be run on a single
    generator. If the Vuser is run as a thread, only one instance of the driver program is loaded into memory for the given number of
    Vusers (say 100). Each thread shares the memory of the parent driver program, thus enabling more Vusers to be run per generator.

    25. If you want to stop the execution of your scrīpt on error, how do you do that? - The lr_abort function aborts the execution of a Vuser scrīpt. It instructs the Vuser to stop executing the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution. This function is useful when you need to manually abort a scrīpt execution as a result of a specific error condition. When you end a scrīpt using this function, the Vuser is assigned the status "Stopped". For this to take effect, we have to first uncheck the “Continue on error” option in Run-Time Settings.  

    26. What is the relation between Response Time and Throughput? - The Throughput graph shows the amount of data in bytes that the Vusers received from the server in a second. When we compare this with the transaction response time, we will notice that as throughput decreased, the response time also decreased. Similarly, the peak throughput and highest response time would occur approximately at the same time.

    27. Explain the Configuration of your systems? - The configuration of our systems refers to that of the client machines on which we run the Vusers. The configuration of any client machine includes its hardware settings, memory, operating system, software applications, development tools, etc. This system component configuration should match with the overall system configuration that would include the network infrastructure, the web server, the database server, and any other components that go with this larger system so as to achieve the load testing objectives.

    28. How do you identify the performance bottlenecks? - Performance Bottlenecks can be detected by using monitors. These monitors might be application server monitors, web server monitors, database server monitors and network monitors. They help in finding out the troubled area in our scenario which causes increased response time. The measurements made are usually performance response time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graphs, etc.

    29. If web server, database and Network are all fine where could be the problem? - The problem could be in the system itself or in the application server or in the code written for the application.

    30. How did you find web server related issues? - Using Web resource monitors we can find the performance of web servers. Using these monitors we can analyze throughput on the web server, number of hits per second that
    occurred during scenario, the number of http responses per second, the number of downloaded pages per second.

    31. How did you find database related issues? - By running “Database” monitor and help of “Data Resource Graph” we can find database related issues. E.g. You can specify the resource you want to measure on before running the controller and than you can see database related issues

    32. Explain all the web recording options?

    33. What is the difference between Overlay graph and Correlate graph? - Overlay Graph: It overlay the content of two graphs that shares a common x-axis. Left Y-axis on the merged graph show’s the current graph’s value & Right Y-axis show the value of Y-axis of the graph that was merged. Correlate Graph: Plot the Y-axis of two graphs against each other. The active graph’s Y-axis becomes X-axis of merged graph. Y-axis of the graph that was merged becomes merged graph’s Y-axis.

    34. How did you plan the Load? What are the Criteria? - Load test is planned to decide the number of users, what kind of machines we are going to use and from where they are run. It is based on 2 important documents, Task Distribution Diagram and Transaction profile. Task Distribution Diagram gives us the information on number of users for a particular transaction and the time of the load. The peak usage and off-usage are decided from this Diagram. Transaction profile gives us the information about the transactions name and their priority levels with regard to the scenario we are deciding.

    35. What does vuser_init action contain? - Vuser_init action contains procedures to login to a server.

    36. What does vuser_end action contain? - Vuser_end section contains log off procedures.  

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  • 软件测试面试题整理

    2009-04-14 11:19:50

    面试题目:

    01. 为什么要在一个团队中开展软件测试工作?

    因为没有经过测试的软件很难在发布之前知道该软件的质量,就好比ISO质量认证一样,测试同样也需要质量的保证,这个时候就需要在团队中开展软件测试的工作。在测试的过程发现软件中存在的问题,及时让开发人员得知并修改问题,在即将发布时,从测试报告中得出软件的质量情况。

     

    02. 您在以往的测试工作中都曾经具体从事过哪些工作?其中最擅长哪部分工作?

    我曾经做过web测试,后台测试,客户端软件,其中包括功能测试,性能测试,用户体验测试。最擅长的是功能测试

     

    03. 您所熟悉的软件测试类型都有哪些?请试着分别比较这些不同04. 的测试类型的区别与联系(如功能测试、性能测试……)

    测试类型有:功能测试,性能测试,界面测试。

    功能测试在测试工作中占的比例最大,功能测试也叫黑盒测试。是把测试对象看作一个黑盒子。利用黑盒测试法进行动态测试时,需要测试软件产品的功能,不需测试软件产品的内部结构和处理过程。采用黑盒技术设计测试用例的方法有:等价类划分、边界值分析、错误推测、因果图和综合策略。

    性能测试是通过自动化的测试工具模拟多种正常、峰值以及异常负载条件来对系统的各项性能指标进行测试。负载测试和压力测试都属于性能测试,两者可以结合进行。通过负载测试,确定在各种工作负载下系统的性能,目标是测试当负载逐渐增加时,系统各项性能指标的变化情况。压力测试是通过确定一个系统的瓶颈或者不能接收的性能点,来获得系统能提供的最大服务级别的测试。

    界面测试,界面是软件与用户交互的最直接的层,界面的好坏决定用户对软件的第一印象。而且设计良好的界面能够引导用户自己完成相应的操作,起到向导的作用。同时界面如同人的面孔,具有吸引用户的直接优势。设计合理的界面能给用户带来轻松愉悦的感受和成功的感觉,相反由于界面设计的失败,让用户有挫败感,再实用强大的功能都可能在用户的畏惧与放弃中付诸东流。

    区别在于,功能测试关注产品的所有功能上,要考虑到每个细节功能,每个可能存在的功能问题。性能测试主要关注于产品整体的多用户并发下的稳定性和健壮性。界面测试更关注于用户体验上,用户使用该产品的时候是否易用,是否易懂,是否规范(快捷键之类的),是否美观(能否吸引用户的注意力),是否安全(尽量在前台避免用户无意输入无效的数据,当然考虑到体验性,不能太粗鲁的弹出警告)?做某个性能测试的时候,首先它可能是个功能点,首先要保证它的功能是没问题的,然后再考虑该功能点的性能测试

     

    04.您认为做好测试用例设计工作的关键是什么?

    白盒测试用例设计的关键是以较少的用例覆盖尽可能多的内部程序逻辑结果

    黑盒法用例设计的关键同样也是以较少的用例覆盖模块输出和输入接口。不可能做到完全测试,以最少的用例在合理的时间内发现最多的问题

    05.  请试着比较一下黑盒测试、白盒测试、单元测试、集成测试、系统测试、验收测试的区别与联系。

    黑盒测试:已知产品的功能设计规格,可以进行测试证明每个实现了的功能是否符合要求。

    白盒测试:已知产品的内部工作过程,可以通过测试证明每种内部操作是否符合设计规格要求,所有内部成分是否以经过检查。

      软件的黑盒测试意味着测试要在软件的接口处进行。这种方法是把测试对象看做一个黑盒子,测试人员完全不考虑程序内部的逻辑结构和内部特性,只依据程序的需求规格说明书,检查程序的功能是否符合它的功能说明。因此黑盒测试又叫功能测试或数据驱动测试。黑盒测试主要是为了发现以下几类错误:

    1、是否有不正确或遗漏的功能?

    2、在接口上,输入是否能正确的接受?能否输出正确的结果?

    3、是否有数据结构错误或外部信息(例如数据文件)访问错误?

    4、性能上是否能够满足要求?

    5、是否有初始化或终止性错误?

      软件的白盒测试是对软件的过程性细节做细致的检查。这种方法是把测试对象看做一个打开的盒子,它允许测试人员利用程序内部的逻辑结构及有关信息,设计或选择测试用例,对程序所有逻辑路径进行测试。通过在不同点检查程序状态,确定实际状态是否与预期的状态一致。因此白盒测试又称为结构测试或逻辑驱动测试。白盒测试主要是想对程序模块进行如下检查:

    1、对程序模块的所有独立的执行路径至少测试一遍。

    2、对所有的逻辑判定,取“真”与取“假”的两种情况都能至少测一遍。

    3、在循环的边界和运行的界限内执行循环体。

    4、测试内部数据结构的有效性,等等。

    单元测试(模块测试)是开发者编写的一小段代码,用于检验被测代码的一个很小的、很明确的功能是否正确。通常而言,一个单元测试是用于判断某个特定条件(或者场景)下某个特定函数的行为。

          单元测试是由程序员自己来完成,最终受益的也是程序员自己。可以这么说,程序员有责任编写功能代码,同时也就有责任为自己的代码编写单元测试。执行单元测试,就是为了证明这段代码的行为和我们期望的一致。

    集成测试(也叫组装测试,联合测试)是单元测试的逻辑扩展。它的最简单的形式是:两个已经测试过的单元组合成一个组件,并且测试它们之间的接口。从这一层意义上讲,组件是指多个单元的集成聚合。在现实方案中,许多单元组合成组件,而这些组件又聚合成程序的更大部分。方法是测试片段的组合,并最终扩展进程,将您的模块与其他组的模块一起测试。最后,将构成进程的所有模块一起测试。

    系统测试是将经过测试的子系统装配成一个完整系统来测试。它是检验系统是否确实能提供系统方案说明书中指定功能的有效方法。(常见的联调测试)

           系统测试的目的是对最终软件系统进行全面的测试,确保最终软件系统满足产品需求并且遵循系统设计。

    验收测试是部署软件之前的最后一个测试操作。验收测试的目的是确保软件准备就绪,并且可以让最终用户将其用于执行软件的既定功能和任务。

    验收测试是向未来的用户表明系统能够像预定要求那样工作。经集成测试后,已经按照设计把所有的模块组装成一个完整的软件系统,接口错误也已经基本排除了,接着就应该进一步验证软件的有效性,这就是验收测试的任务,即软件的功能和性能如同用户所合理期待的那样。

     

    06. 测试计划工作的目的是什么?测试计划工作的内容都包括什么?其中哪些是最重要的?

    软件测试计划是指导测试过程的纲领性文件,包含了产品概述、测试策略、测试方法、测试区域、测试配置、测试周期、测试资源、测试交流、风险分析等内容。借助软件测试计划,参与测试的项目成员,尤其是测试管理人员,可以明确测试任务和测试方法,保持测试实施过程的顺畅沟通,跟踪和控制测试进度,应对测试过程中的各种变更。

    测试计划和测试详细规格、测试用例之间是战略和战术的关系,测试计划主要从宏观上规划测试活动的范围、方法和资源配置,而测试详细规格、测试用例是完成测试任务的具体战术。所以其中最重要的是测试测试策略和测试方法(最好是能先评审)

     

    07. 您认为做好测试计划工作的关键是什么?

    1. 明确测试的目标,增强测试计划的实用性

    编写软件测试计划得重要目的就是使测试过程能够发现更多的软件缺陷,因此软件测试计划的价值取决于它对帮助管理测试项目,并且找出软件潜在的缺陷。因此,软件测试计划中的测试范围必须高度覆盖功能需求,测试方法必须切实可行,测试工具并且具有较高的实用性,便于使用,生成的测试结果直观、准确

    2.坚持“5W”规则,明确内容与过程

    5W”规则指的是“What(做什么)”、“Why(为什么做)”、“When(何时做)”、“Where(在哪里)”、“How(如何做)”。利用“5W”规则创建软件测试计划,可以帮助测试团队理解测试的目的(Why),明确测试的范围和内容(What),确定测试的开始和结束日期(When),指出测试的方法和工具(How),给出测试文档和软件的存放位置(Where)。

    3.采用评审和更新机制,保证测试计划满足实际需求

    测试计划写作完成后,如果没有经过评审,直接发送给测试团队,测试计划内容的可能不准确或遗漏测试内容,或者软件需求变更引起测试范围的增减,而测试计划的内容没有及时更新,误导测试执行人员。

    4. 分别创建测试计划与测试详细规格、测试用例

    应把详细的测试技术指标包含到独立创建的测试详细规格文档,把用于指导测试小组执行测试过程的测试用例放到独立创建的测试用例文档或测试用例管理数据库中。测试计划和测试详细规格、测试用例之间是战略和战术的关系,测试计划主要从宏观上规划测试活动的范围、方法和资源配置,而测试详细规格、测试用例是完成测试任务的具体战术。

     

    08. 您所熟悉的测试用例设计方法都有哪些?请分别以具体的例子来说明这些方法在测试用例设计工作中的应用。

    1.等价类划分

    划分等价类: 等价类是指某个输入域的子集合.在该子集合中,各个输入数据对于揭露程序中的错误都是等效的.并合理地假定:测试某等价类的代表值就等于对这一类其它值的测试.因此,可以把全部输入数据合理划分为若干等价类,在每一个等价类中取一个数据作为测试的输入条件,就可以用少量代表性的测试数据.取得较好的测试结果.等价类划分可有两种不同的情况:有效等价类和无效等价类.

    2.边界值分析法

      边界值分析方法是对等价类划分方法的补充。测试工作经验告诉我,大量的错误是发生在输入或输出范围的边界上,而不是发生在输入输出范围的内部.因此针对各种边界情况设计测试用例,可以查出更多的错误.

      使用边界值分析方法设计测试用例,首先应确定边界情况.通常输入和输出等价类的边界,就是应着重测试的边界情况.应当选取正好等于,刚刚大于或刚刚小于边界的值作为测试数据,而不是选取等价类中的典型值或任意值作为测试数据.

    3.错误推测法

      基于经验和直觉推测程序中所有可能存在的各种错误, 从而有针对性的设计测试用例的方法.

      错误推测方法的基本思想: 列举出程序中所有可能有的错误和容易发生错误的特殊情况,根据他们选择测试用例. 例如, 在单元测试时曾列出的许多在模块中常见的错误. 以前产品测试中曾经发现的错误等, 这些就是经验的总结. 还有, 输入数据和输出数据为0的情况. 输入表格为空格或输入表格只有一行. 这些都是容易发生错误的情况. 可选择这些情况下的例子作为测试用例.

    4.因果图方法

    前面介绍的等价类划分方法和边界值分析方法,都是着重考虑输入条件,但未考虑输入条件之间的联系, 相互组合等. 考虑输入条件之间的相互组合,可能会产生一些新的情况. 但要检查输入条件的组合不是一件容易的事情, 即使把所有输入条件划分成等价类,他们之间的组合情况也相当多. 因此必须考虑采用一种适合于描述对于多种条件的组合,相应产生多个动作的形式来考虑设计测试用例. 这就需要利用因果图(逻辑模型). 因果图方法最终生成的就是判定表. 它适合于检查程序输入条件的各种组合情况.

     

    08.您认为做好测试用例设计工作的关键是什么?

    白盒测试用例设计的关键是以较少的用例覆盖尽可能多的内部程序逻辑结果

    黑盒法用例设计的关键同样也是以较少的用例覆盖模块输出和输入接口。不可能做到完全测试,以最少的用例在合理的时间内发现最多的问题

     

    09. 请以您以往的实际工作为例, 详细的描述一次测试用例设计的完整的过程。

    就说最近的这次网站功能的测试吧

    首先:得到相关文档(需求文档和设计文档),理解需求和设计设计思想后,想好测试策略(测试计划简单点就OK了),考虑到测试环境,测试用例,测试时间等问题。

    第二步:设计测试用例,测试策略是:把网站部分的功能点测试完,然后在进行系统测试(另外个模块呢有另一个测试人员负责,可以进行联调测试),网站模块的测试基本是功能测试和界面测试(用户并发的可能性很小,所以不考虑):这次的网站的输入数据呢是使用数据库中的某张表记录,如果表中某一数据记录中新加进来的(还没有被处理的,有个标志位),网站启动后会立刻去刷那张表,得到多条数据,然后在进行处理。处理过程中,会经历3个步骤,网站才算完成了它的任务。有3个步骤呢,就可以分别对这3个步骤进行测试用例的设计,尽量覆盖到各种输入情况(包括数据库中的数据,用户的输入等),得出了差不多50个用例。界面测试,也就是用户看的到的地方,包括发送的邮件和用户填写资料的页面展示。

    第三步:搭建测试环境(为什么这个时候考虑测试环境呢?因为我对网站环境已经很熟了,只有有机器能空于下来做该功能测试就可以做了),因为网站本身的环境搭建和其他的系统有点不同,它需要的测试环境比较麻烦,需要web服务器(Apache,tomcat),不过这次需求呢,网站部分只用到了tomcat,所以只要有tomcat即可

    第四步:执行测试

     

    10. 您以往是否曾经从事过性能测试工作?如果有,12. 请尽可能的详细描述您以往的性能测试工作的完整过程。

    是的,曾经做过网站方面的性能测试,虽然做的时间并不久(2个月吧),当时呢,是有位网站性能测试经验非常丰富的前辈带着我一起做。

    性能测试类型包括负载测试,强度测试,容量测试等

          负载测试:负载测试是一种性能测试指数据在超负荷环境中运行,程序是否能够承担。

          强度测试: 强度测试是一种性能测试,他在系统资源特别低的情况下软件系统运行情况。

          容量测试:确定系统可处理同时在线的最大用户数  

    在网站流量逐渐加大的情况下,开始考虑做性能测试了,首先要写好性能测试计划,根据运营数据得出流量最大的页面(如果是第一次的话,一般是首页,下载页,个人帐户页流量最大,而且以某种百分比),

    Web服务器指标指标:

    * Avg Rps: 平均每秒钟响应次数=总请求时间 / 秒数;

    * Successful Rounds:成功的请求;

    * Failed Rounds :失败的请求;

    * Successful Hits :成功的点击次数;

    * Failed Hits :失败的点击次数;

    * Hits Per Second :每秒点击次数;

    * Successful Hits Per Second :每秒成功的点击次数;

    * Failed Hits Per Second :每秒失败的点击次数;

    * Attempted Connections :尝试链接数;

     

    11. 您在从事性能测试工作时,是否使用过一些测试工具?如果有,请试述该工具的工作原理,并以一个具体的工作中的例子描述该工具是如何在实际工作中应用的。

    12. 您认为性能测试工作的目的是什么?做好性能测试工作的关键是什么?

    18. 在您以往的工作中,一条软件缺陷(或者叫Bug)记录都包含了哪些内容?如何提交高质量的软件缺陷(Bug)记录?

    13. 您以往所从事的软件测试工作中, 是否使用了一些工具来进行软件缺陷(Bug)的管理?如果有,请结合该工具描述软件缺陷(Bug)跟踪管理的流程。

    14. 您认为在测试人员同24. 开发人员的沟通过程中,如何提高沟通的效率和改善沟通的效果?维持测试人员同26. 开发团队中其他成员良好的人际关系的关键是什么?

    15. 在您以往的测试工作中,最让您感到不满意或者不堪回首的事情是什么?您是如何来对待这些事情的?

    16. 在即将完成这次笔试前,您是否愿意谈一些自己在以往的学习和工作中获得的工作经验和心得体会?(可以包括软件测试、过程改进、软件开发或者与此无关的其他方面)

     

    17.     你对测试最大的兴趣在哪里?为什么?

    最大的兴趣就是测试有难度,有挑战性!做测试越久越能感觉到做好测试有多难。曾经在无忧测试网上看到一篇文章,是关于如何做好一名测试工程师。一共罗列了1112点,有部分是和人的性格有关,有部分需要后天的努力。但除了性格有关的12点我没有把握,其他点我都很有信心做好它。

    刚开始进入测试行业时,对测试的认识是从无忧测试网上了解到的一些资料,当时是冲着做测试需要很多技能才能做的好,虽然入门容易,但做好很难,比开发更难,虽然当时我很想做开发(学校专业课我基本上不缺席,因为我喜欢我的专业),但看到测试比开发更难更有挑战性,想做好测试的意志就更坚定了。

    不到一年半的测试工作中,当时的感动和热情没有减退一点(即使环境问题以及自身经验,技术的不足,做测试的你一定也能理解)。

    我觉得做测试整个过程中有2点让我觉得很有难度(对我来说,有难度的东西我就非常感兴趣),第一是测试用例的设计,因为测试的精华就在测试用例的设计上了,要在版本出来之前,把用例写好,用什么测试方法写?(也就是测试计划或测试策略),如果你刚测试一个新任务时,你得花一定的时间去消化业务需求和技术基础,业务需求很好理解(多和产品经理和开发人员沟通就能达到目的),而技术基础可就没那么简单了,这需要你自觉的学习能力,比如说网站吧,最基本的技术知识你要知道网站内部是怎么运作的的,后台是怎么响应用户请求的?测试环境如何搭建?这些都需要最早的学好。至少在开始测试之前能做好基本的准备,可能会遇到什么难题?需求细节是不是没有确定好?这些问题都能在设计用例的时候发现。

    第二是发现BUG的时候了,这应该是测试人员最基本的任务了,一般按测试用例开始测试就能发现大部分的bug,还有一部分bug需要测试的过程中更了解所测版本的情况获得更多信息,补充测试用例,测试出bug。还有如何发现bug?这就需要在测试用例有效的情况下,通过细心和耐心去发现bug了,每个用例都有可能发现bug,每个地方都有可能出错,所以测试过程中思维要清晰(测试过程数据流及结果都得看仔细了,bug都在里面发现的)。如何描述bug也很有讲究,bug在什么情况下会产生,如果条件变化一点点,就不会有这个bug,以哪些最少的操作步骤就能重现这个bug,这个bug产生的规律是什么?如果你够厉害的话,可以帮开发人员初步定位问题。

     

    18. 你的测试职业发展是什么?

    测试经验越多,测试能力越高。所以我的职业发展是需要时间累积的,一步步向着高级测试工程师奔去。而且我也有初步的职业规划,前3年累积测试经验,按如何做好测试工程师的1112点要求自己,不断的更新自己改正自己,做好测试任务。

     

    19. 你自认为测试的优势在哪里?

    优势在于我对测试坚定不移的信心和热情,虽然经验还不够,但测试需要的基本技能我有信心在工作中得以发挥。

     

    20. 你以前工作时的测试流程是什么?

    公司对测试流程没有规定如何做,但每个测试人员都有自己的一套测试流程。我说下我1年来不断改正(自己总结,吸取同行的方法)后的流程吧。需求评审(有开发人员,产品经理,测试人员,项目经理)->需求确定(出一份确定的需求文档)>开发设计文档(开发人员在开始写代码前就能输出设计文档)->想好测试策略,写出测试用例->发给开发人员和测试经理看看(非正式的评审用例)->接到测试版本->执行测试用例(中间可能会补充用例)->提交bug(有些bug需要开发人员的确定(严重级别的,或突然发现的在测试用例范围之外的,难以重现的),有些可以直接录制进TD)-> 查看(1429) 评论(8) 收藏 分享 管理