1.6 selenium3+firefox环境搭建

有不少小伙伴在安装selenium环境后启动firefox报错，因为现在selenium升级到3.0了，跟2.0的版本还有有一点区别的。51Testing软件测试网g"m8f){5F+d
(备注：这里不建议大家用selenium3，坑太多，如果selenium2实在用不了，那就看这篇吧)51Testing软件测试网&l!?F2DZ8q
安装环境过程中主要会遇到三个坑：51Testing软件测试网 U(I1GQ%F
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1.'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH51Testing软件测试网@U6zWM0k$O
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2.Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location51Testing软件测试网6B(Q%NWgq
3.Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3
y?ihX7Q([0环境准备：
a%P`g/R!O8k [K0--python3.651Testing软件测试网YcfVp n9}M

(rRp [+P0--selenium3.0
6Kt}5D4s W0--firefox5051Testing软件测试网6d+Q;V
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一、安装python51Testing软件测试网zh'][8e!_X?
1.安装python这个简单，下载版本后傻瓜式安装就行了。
qJSu!Q*h&EB9f|$v o02.安装好之后，看下这个目录D:\python\Scripts，有没pip.exe和easy_install.exe（一般都有，没有的话得重新安装一次了）
4f9\y[^03.将D:\python和D:\python\Scripts，添加到环境变量path下51Testing软件测试网Gq)W` I5I_

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b{7h8Oj0二、检查pip工具
4Pp;GeXqj4QOC01.打开cmd,输入：pip,出现如下图界面，说明pip环境OK.

D-gZr9vp6wp K0>>pip51Testing软件测试网7i o:e i9i C*Wo%G n

三、安装selenium3.0
j%K_7Y-s${V4a01.cmd输入：pip install selenium51Testing软件测试网9O3QC%Vo5c*X0}pVzJK
>>pip install selenium51Testing软件测试网 G,l;E6HX@$]
2.首次安装要看到100%完成，中途失败就重新多输入几次安装。

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四、检查selenium环境51Testing软件测试网l ~ bu@*N+oT{

v/P7Jc$j01.在cmd输入如下指令检查环境
&{C,q5m"z5vp0>>python
%X'|^-[p3Q3fB0>>from selenium import webdriver51Testing软件测试网 l D,gct*q%W
>>driver=webdriver.Firefox()
O:\2dWWs%O0>>driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
EaWh#ika02.能看到浏览器正常启动，说明环境OK，如果遇到异常就继续看下面解决方案。

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五、遇到第一个坑：'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH
luh;mc)e2p"M01.如果启动浏览器过程中报如下错误51Testing软件测试网c(SWt6b6h9Q
Traceback (most recent call last):
.z"C4[.h1S qG'v&Q-_~9x0  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>51Testing软件测试网 U+J,UR"N
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 145, in __init__51Testing软件测试网4A4`n0{ ib
    self.service.start()
"h1|u(R{5H1e6oi0  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 81, in start51Testing软件测试网_"}Yo4lY"es+T:Z
    os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)51Testing软件测试网\C$w8Q~y*z
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.51Testing软件测试网s#?x|
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2.这个是因为最新的selenium3.0启动firefox需要geckodriver.exe这个驱动文件。51Testing软件测试网U;aWpru ZQ|

3.下载之后，配置到环境变量path下（可以直接放python根目录）
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1BU3c#hI%DNS0六、遇到第二坑：Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location51Testing软件测试网FSeS,D
1.如果启动浏览器过程中报如下错误：
%^"@Q Hxj%ri)W t2p3Ko0Traceback (most recent call last):
jRxL#n Ac0  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
FP2_M%c2l g0  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 155, in __init__
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D0    keep_alive=True)
f.`,]qo'O0  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
k"S"R&u;Dl0}&m0    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)51Testing软件测试网1C A1t&K#^|K

3`#i:`Jf)C)XHu0  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session51Testing软件测试网9Xj\_.dN
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
*|Kje0v4Ax0  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 238, in execute
X-t.P+YCpRMZ0    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
5p$G2z dl0  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response51Testing软件测试网R,_b$}gF0Md [3c"a
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
%\q%YlC X*t@A0selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location,51Testing软件测试网$bsG c6[5MT0y`u
no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line.

*L)\3_MW_02.这个是因为firefox.exe这个文件也需要配置到环境变量path下。51Testing软件测试网(M.Rg;R6S'm
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3.这个路径就是安装完firefox后，找到firefox.exe这个文件的地址，加到path下。51Testing软件测试网+K:`:X,e:L7L:g:~

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七、遇到第三坑：Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3
6af!H Sjb_/_9j01.如果启动浏览器过程中出现如下错误
6JzQ(G`Z)}?0 Traceback (most recent call last):
\o,@Wjf;c1eO/r5Z0  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>51Testing软件测试网HxRv$kn]*\hc

  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 155, in __init__51Testing软件测试网`A8qD7P j"a1Bz~
    keep_alive=True)51Testing软件测试网"AtwTD*gi
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__51Testing软件测试网&NU2mCH8?H%x]7D7Jq
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
.|oV%q1E;UKS:RH0  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
#r)`"|:w7Y| `0    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)51Testing软件测试网\A6[o5b3u
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 238, in execute51Testing软件测试网T'e A Qg8qZ
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)51Testing软件测试网#t:]7`B)N f(n6Mw
  File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response

    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)51Testing软件测试网zyG.][&a [
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 351Testing软件测试网TJ0t*A4r
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2.这个错误原因是firefox版本过低了，最新的selenium3.0版本支持firefox47以上的版本，升级版本就可以了51Testing软件测试网x(SXN.Q:a

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tWabgzg7l0 总结：整个环境的配置是python3.6+selenium3.0+firefox47以上版本，当然python用2.7版本也是可以的。