pytest简介
pytest 安装
pip install -U pytest
查看pytest版本
pytest --version
入门
创建、运行第一个 test
test_first.py def inc(x): return x + 1 def test_inc(): assert inc(10) == 20 |
运行 pytest
an@hosta:~/PycharmProjects/testproject/pytest_study$ pytest # 运行命令 ========================================================== test session starts ========================================================== platform linux -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-3.3.2, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.6.0 rootdir: /home/an/PycharmProjects/testproject/pytest_study, inifile: pytest.ini plugins: xdist-1.22.0 collected 1 item # 搜集到的测试用例数量 test_cont.py F # F 代表测试出错， [100%] # 测试完成率 =============================================================== FAILURES ================================================================ _______________________________________________________________ test_inc ____________________ # 测试模块名 _______________________________________ def test_inc(): > assert inc(10) == 20 # 报错的位置 E assert 11 == 20 # 报错原因 E + where 11 = inc(10) # 错误的来源 test_cont.py:6: AssertionError ======================================================= 1 failed in 0.04 seconds =============# 测试结果 ======================================= |
pytest 测试代码中抛出的异常
| cont_test.py import pytest def inc(x): return x + 1 def test_inc(): assert inc(10) == 11 def f(): raise SyntaxError() def test_f(): with pytest.raises(SyntaxError): f() |
运行pytest
an@hosta:~/PycharmProjects/testproject/pytest_study$ pytest ========================================================== test session starts ========================================================== platform linux -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-3.3.2, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.6.0 rootdir: /home/an/PycharmProjects/testproject/pytest_study, inifile: pytest.ini plugins: xdist-1.22.0 collected 2 items # 两个测试用例 cont_test.py .. # 两个 . 表示都测试成功了 F 表示失败 [100%] ======================================================= 2 passed in 0.01 seconds ========= #测试结果 ======================================= |
另一种方式运行多个测试。构造一个 测试类 里面包含多个测试用例
cont_test.py import pytest class TestClass: def test_one(self): x = "this" assert x != "that" def test_two(self): x = "hello" assert hasattr(x, "upper") def test_three(self): with pytest.raises(IndexError): raise IndexError |
运行 pytest
运行pytest的退出码
Exit code 0: All tests were collected and passed successfully Exit code 1: Tests were collected and run but some of the tests failed Exit code 2: Test execution was interrupted by the user Exit code 3: Internal error happened while executing tests Exit code 4: pytest command line usage error Exit code 5: No tests were collected |
指定测试用例失败次数失败之后，就停止测试
pytest -x 在第一次失败之后，就停止运行剩余的测试
pytest --maxfail=2 两次失败之后，就停止运行剩余测试
指定运行测试用例
目录结构 |---pytest_test | |---cont_test.py # 模块内容 cont_test.py import pytest def inc(x): return x + 1 def test_inc(): assert inc(10) == 11 def f(): raise SyntaxError() @pytest.mark.slow def test_f(): with pytest.raises(SyntaxError): f() class TestClass: def test_one(self): x = "t" assert x == "that" def test_two(self): x = "hello" assert hasattr(x, "pper") def test_three(self): with pytest.raises(IndexError): raise IndexError |
指定运行目录
| pytest pytest_test |
自动搜索运行本目录内的测试模块（以test开头或结尾）
| pytest_test$ pytest |
指定运行模块
| pytest_test$ pytest cont_test.py |
指定测试函数
| pytest_test$ pytest cont_test.py::test_inc |
指定测试类
| pytest_test$ pytest cont_test.py::TestClass |
指定测试方法
| pytest_test$ pytest cont_test.py::TestClass::test_one |
指定被mark的测试
| pytest_test$ pytest -m slow |
将结果输出到 XML 文件
| pytest --junitxml=/tmp/zz.xml |
禁用pytest的扩展
| pytest -p no:doctest -p no:django |
方法二：
创建一个 pytest.ini 文件
pytest.ini [pytest] addopts = -p no:django -p no:forked -p no:xdist-1.22.0 -p no:celery ;禁用扩展 |
异常
捕获程序中故意引发的异常 def f(): raise SyntaxError() def test_f(): with pytest.raises(SyntaxError): f() |
指定测试失败的信息
def test_f(): with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, message='this is i expected error'): pass —————————————————————————————— ------------------------------------------------ generated xml file: /home/an/haha.xml ------------------------------------------------- =============================================================== FAILURES ================================================================ ________________________________________________________________ test_f _________________________________________________________________ def test_f(): with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, message='this is i expected error'): > pass E Failed: this is i expected error # 正是我们所希望失败 cont_test.py:17: Failed ================================================== 1 failed, 3 passed in 0.06 seconds ===== |
进一步限定我们所期望的异常，match使用的 python 中 re.search 方法进行匹配 def test_f(): with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'.?1'): raise ValueError("a1") # 正常 |
def test_f(): with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'.?1'): raise ValueError("z3") _____________________________________________ ============================================================== FAILURES ================================================================ ________________________________________________________________ test_f _________________________________________________________________ def test_f(): with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'.?1'): > raise ValueError("z3") E ValueError: z3 cont_test.py:17: ValueError During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: def test_f(): with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'.?1'): > raise ValueError("z3") E AssertionError: Pattern '.?1' not found in 'z3' # 匹配失败 cont_test.py:17: AssertionError |
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