既然选择远方，便只顾风雨兼程……
图像相似度算法的一点粗糙应用――GUI测试
51Testing软件测试网:O*ZevQS
Draw A Line
[`9V L!xJ{0 /// <summary>51Testing软件测试网 YP*c h&W
/// 在Windows窗口上画图形
~ Ed0\{ Wi L7HY0 /// </summary>51Testing软件测试网&v-].y1Id5w
class Draw_A_Line : System.Windows.Forms.Form
7k3C D.s/q h0 {
0_3M h(Uzz#]0 //private Form MainForm;
0B4]/f s3G S] x0 System.ComponentModel.Container component = null;
K1E e-D(w0 Pen myPen = new Pen(Color.Black);51Testing软件测试网G:x YTCH5z
Bitmap bmpImg = null;51Testing软件测试网;m B Yy}
;h%Qm4b)q{/BVW R9y0 public Draw_A_Line()
HW"M ?!Z0XUe;U0 {
'|H"qw2b @s,Z0 InitializeComponent();51Testing软件测试网0{\8|:m b3_*g
}51Testing软件测试网 b,~+G9OE'I5F
51Testing软件测试网0? B;GQx U
private void InitializeComponent()51Testing软件测试网4N6d"X z-W
{51Testing软件测试网kH3H"q|_f9d h
this.component = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
;uE u5t6Ag0 this.Size = new Size(256, 256);
j [/Cm_{ n)oC0K0 this.Text = "TestMainForm";
d^H:O$K7k9|(zi051Testing软件测试网!y9Vh+@;hL
}51Testing软件测试网_6X^*o1N
+v)QU,TY ?0 /// <summary>51Testing软件测试网:tkQ$r Cn;~MO3Nd
/// 清理正在使用的资源
,_ H |;|Zu,}H0 /// </summary>
0x%fy_KLc0 /// <param name="disposing"></param>51Testing软件测试网o'b:A$Z3r a3} A3|
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
nX Vw1k+H2`2M x0 {
M%OB{.C ?V0 if (disposing)
V0v'{0oH\Q0 {51Testing软件测试网S f7@.s4I,w3q
if (component != null)51Testing软件测试网-A` j&a |9u R
{51Testing软件测试网d`BK#s
saveBmp(); //保存截图
9E.T F c;i7L {B$|-_0 component.Dispose();
3v@*b"HE.nzE0 }
NN6]&[2d(N/Zw0 }
'} D#CC { _*f c&A0 base.Dispose(disposing);
Z+bA2d+}5N*dZq0 }51Testing软件测试网~ABd6v|0Z
_ iV d^ O {1[xL:n0 //static Graphics SaveGraph;51Testing软件测试网 f9~D2tv
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
}f!r8f ]0 {51Testing软件测试网 \"U3c k h j ^ _D
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
8z!s&M2{&i^a,j,`0 myPen.Width = 5;51Testing软件测试网7i.l? _z
g.DrawLine(myPen, 16, 27, 38, 49);51Testing软件测试网 IQ/WHka+c'D
}
%i)XZ s9K O)C} I2v} I0 }SaveBMP
wY#SV1t0[DllImport("gdi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]51Testing软件测试网vh.H/@2B F
public static extern int BitBlt(HandleRef hDC, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, HandleRef hSrcDC, int xSrc, int ySrc, int dwRop);
RIn:Od,E6l0
+s:c\-S&hx051Testing软件测试网b.b'R VYg
public void saveBmp()51Testing软件测试网YDW;q@C0r
{51Testing软件测试网E)s"B#Mc4dCG J7G M1ZZ
//这里假设要保存一个窗体的内容51Testing软件测试网/iqR LM,N-}{fN
/l4p b%a:Ndy Q0 int width = 200; //获取宽度51Testing软件测试网&g S l|(X
51Testing软件测试网U m8i4FG.rr6^:{-Z
int height = 200; //获取高度
D,x D_*rp-y051Testing软件测试网V7cG jUcP)?sl
const int SRCCOPY = 0xcc0020; //复制图块的光栅操作码51Testing软件测试网1B Q1cHH4x
51Testing软件测试网A] l:j+cej1AE'GE7G
Bitmap bmSave = new Bitmap(width, height); //用于保存图片的位图对象
?mQ,Z,qV1H0
g v}8h*H)d3R f+]0 Graphics gSave = Graphics.FromImage(bmSave); //创建该位图的Graphics对象51Testing软件测试网 r)V/~E+~~Ta
f$h-b bu@,C0 HandleRef hDcSave = new HandleRef(null, gSave.GetHdc()); //得到句柄51Testing软件测试网3_ o(n#yJE
0aSK;ZF0 Graphics gSrc = this.CreateGraphics(); //创建窗体的Graphics对象51Testing软件测试网 Jv8Zb5sN
51Testing软件测试网V_(}#j#\"@P%D0A'p
HandleRef hDcSrc = new HandleRef(null, gSrc.GetHdc());51Testing软件测试网RM,i-DC aU|.t
51Testing软件测试网7O O7v4v!g
BitBlt(hDcSave, 0, 0, width, height, hDcSrc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
'_ F3V0? K+I Q0
[,U'LfTA0 gSrc.ReleaseHdc();
+x%~ dX5f*qZ;z!l C051Testing软件测试网o/pUm*kP&~
gSave.ReleaseHdc();51Testing软件测试网S:`SL q*N\
f4Wq [1V y9v0 bmSave.Save(@"C:\test.jpg",System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
h!L ~ d/I0
xx z NF Wq8V0 gSrc.Dispose();
*YkX^mQ5e051Testing软件测试网8s1X+x Y,R#i N
gSave.Dispose();
h&h-{3JQ'F Y051Testing软件测试网;^^@'|Hv@
bmSave.Dispose();
(r&f N'T9|6bS N051Testing软件测试网.M6GtB Z r'F `.v2~
}51Testing软件测试网:EQ e IO"[ V
51Testing软件测试网%Q M!v1h NK8]4a!uHImageComparator
,|!F g`!i5~#K [%r0using System;
3T%S~8\U@0using System.Collections.Generic;
I9G-HpK4U P0using System.Linq;51Testing软件测试网J i!D Z W h6l-`7z3l;E
using System.Text;51Testing软件测试网Q5IPe:So
using System.Drawing;
rMj(_Pz*H0using System.Drawing.Imaging;51Testing软件测试网 }Mj N%F!E1@
51Testing软件测试网4n&f ze] eFy:W
namespace Draw_A_Line_UnitTestProject
,B/VWcz2g0{
PY8e-X(Rjse*X4w L.O0 class ImageComparator51Testing软件测试网eI8] @6|/m3{'XS
{51Testing软件测试网3`#tUO(p0OxM6|bq
public bool IsSame { get; private set; }51Testing软件测试网Tymhe3b g }"w
51Testing软件测试网*y `#@S1W WR4v;A
public ImageComparator(Image actualImage, Image expectedImage)
fBy/a,j{^0 {
1J-E.wj Xo0 IsSame = false;51Testing软件测试网"_ [sE Tu
IsSame = ImgComp(actualImage, expectedImage);51Testing软件测试网!rUP"D+m3Y.T
}51Testing软件测试网1Z _d!p6k |1^
51Testing软件测试网7\;q9J/T'\9xBH$F
public ImageComparator(string actualImageFile, string expectedImageFile)
5W*pD-r$Ms0 {
.c N#~%{A;]M/s[0 Image actualImage = Image.FromFile(actualImageFile);
Jn I p,bCool0 Image expectedImage = Image.FromFile(expectedImageFile);
o&I |)v;r0 IsSame = false;51Testing软件测试网"g Z m l8yq w9Q
IsSame = ImgComp(actualImage, expectedImage);
"q3fJstM @U?7]1j S |0 }51Testing软件测试网 o*YVA q2P(B r
g NxG!C,IQY0
b!_i Ckk8_0 /// <summary>
D m+JR5D|0 /// 比较两张图片是否一致51Testing软件测试网oVSjl!h5N"g;I"Os
/// </summary>
6x VS2V aJ L v0 /// <param name="actualImage">被测图片</param>51Testing软件测试网 TlD5b%LH3kD.Gfv
/// <param name="expectedImage">参照图片</param>51Testing软件测试网'T7j_ O,r \
/// <returns>如果为真，两张图片一样否则不一样</returns>51Testing软件测试网-ur uj~ ^"e#\*f
private bool ImgComp(Image actualImage, Image expectedImage)
M8~t2X!s(}h0 {
$sE'D'l lg MH0 //现将两张图片都变成256 X 256 大小
(V ]5ve S EvZ+D/}-h0 Bitmap actualBmp = Resize(actualImage);51Testing软件测试网&S:L,~,yBb
Bitmap expectBmp = Resize(expectedImage);51Testing软件测试网"KQ!Je1ufK
[2f?s#s$DZQ0 //获取转换后的图片的直方图
$r D~1C h-i0 int[] actualHisogram = GetHisogram(actualBmp);51Testing软件测试网y \8n [5G8O8K,Ew
int[] expectHisogram = GetHisogram(expectBmp);
Fp r L hPQ C0
Ds+SS%W0F8J9{,e;R0 //比较两个直方图数据的相似性
YZ ?k:`L)O0 float result = GetFinalResult(actualHisogram, expectHisogram);51Testing软件测试网7a[vkDd `V6E
51Testing软件测试网8g fv LD
//如果相似度为1则表示两张图片是一样的
N0q C7p u*B E(b0 return (result == 1);51Testing软件测试网.[w f_ L$l IkJ
rhc _%{s(G0 //其实我们可以看到如果仅仅只是要比较两个直方图是不是一样的，完全可以比较数组中相应的index的元素是不是相等即可
4{0mh i.Q3J0 }51Testing软件测试网l.d}2\ u.q
.r [7zj x0 /// <summary>
9V^[V+T-Q0_^0 /// 将图片的转化为目标大小并返回转化后的图片
)a?t3R;d0Rn;x)a2r0 /// </summary>
8f)o ~,ko8e"~0 /// <param name="originImage">待转化图片</param>51Testing软件测试网%g/yKk+m.G-q%?3^6i2Uf
/// <param name="width">转化后的宽度</param>
,pk'H2mV0 /// <param name="height">转化后的高度</param>
1U KA^t xa5q;f0 /// <returns>转化后的图片</returns>51Testing软件测试网s7G'S#D n"VlPe
private Bitmap Resize(Image originImage, int width, int height)
5t,q%Kn dz0 {51Testing软件测试网|Q2lG9^].bI
Bitmap outImg = new Bitmap(originImage, width, height);51Testing软件测试网2M\#|IM2?#V
//outImg.Dispose();51Testing软件测试网J)Gf2T v C$h h t8H
return outImg;51Testing软件测试网 Zi8M4?G{-H(X
}
p ]J)ZsT051Testing软件测试网/O8s[ bS
/// <summary>51Testing软件测试网5a;dL Sq e'd b
/// 将图片转化为256 X 256大小并返回转化后的图片
#U8d{ A ] A)X K M0 /// </summary>
5t,c7z.v:f-^(\%a z0 /// <param name="originImage">待转化图片</param>
w)V R%ZcSs T0 /// <returns>转化后的图片</returns>51Testing软件测试网\5E9z B9I)g
private Bitmap Resize(Image originImage)51Testing软件测试网 ]p9[ ]1PG
{51Testing软件测试网;[,C2h GL.W&nZ^
return Resize(originImage, 256, 256);
8_&E@l(Z){0
1M@C q*q0 }
OB!r8Rgej051Testing软件测试网 _ A/u brz C
/// <summary>51Testing软件测试网 a&M1V zZk k
/// 获取位图文件的直方图数据51Testing软件测试网g-HUN5D0xXS3bL
/// </summary>
$sj9{"F/Hb c8u0 /// <param name="bmpImg">位图文件</param>
T VDi2W | L8W0 /// <returns>位图文件的直方图数组</returns>
g{k;^N {Y q0 private int[] GetHisogram(Bitmap bmpImg)
n!w9e#J\0 {51Testing软件测试网 M \nSs
BitmapData data = bmpImg.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, bmpImg.Width, bmpImg.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);51Testing软件测试网L f ?~ rG ~#w5`
int[] histogram = new int[256];51Testing软件测试网I#Va|7`A q
unsafe
gb*I&a u`w0 {51Testing软件测试网Tv @.n6n/J9m/b
byte* ptr = (byte*)data.Scan0;51Testing软件测试网5v5Dmb)W7f1v8B-Sm
int remain = data.Stride - data.Width * 3;51Testing软件测试网 zu F:I2@j
for (int i = 0; i < histogram.Length; i++)
o#tym})q,Hv!wdG0 histogram[i] = 0;51Testing软件测试网5A },P0h"w lm }\y:ds
for (int i = 0; i < data.Height; i++)51Testing软件测试网(d)w$c"Ek _0FP8J R
{
#c#ws|5j X4[y0 for (int j = 0; j < data.Width; j++)
;i+W BYOg m1R"oC0 {51Testing软件测试网p ^ H1E~m
int mean = ptr[0] + ptr[1] + ptr[2];
,~i m1{b$c)X4fMmi0 mean /= 3;51Testing软件测试网1q@ m)tZ"n{ l$f
histogram[mean]++;51Testing软件测试网L q6g+G s {!z
ptr += 3;51Testing软件测试网i T8Ev6B\_0{2t.H m
}
H5Cea{v%vb T X0 ptr += remain;51Testing软件测试网]4?:kc D
}
_2g'K!K C0 }
8{2hfsSo2w9]0 bmpImg.UnlockBits(data);
'`&B|\o|9P0 return histogram;51Testing软件测试网:{o$~[?3h#X G
}
H[7V@Yq;??051Testing软件测试网 \z0Nymh/f
#region 公式计算
[y kg,w*f ^#}fN0 /// <summary>
:I i:r z^ _ F A0 /// 计算两个整数相减后的绝对值除以两数中的较大值
4yS D%O C8nf:O8O'I0 /// </summary>51Testing软件测试网%J-s M+@{6~
/// <param name="firstNum">被减数</param>51Testing软件测试网f"wf%j7WL m'L5q
/// <param name="secondNum">减数</param>51Testing软件测试网]+o}Rr P Ov9z
/// <returns>计算结果</returns>51Testing软件测试网1{Mtm)N-F)x-r4z
private float GetAbs(int firstNum, int secondNum)
7~/a k!a?!T0 {
eS]c8N)e0 int abs = Math.Abs(firstNum - secondNum);
e*^?HvkA1c M0 int maxNum = Math.Max(firstNum, secondNum);51Testing软件测试网%DTP5r-W g#R
return (float)abs / ((maxNum == 0) ? 1 : maxNum);
i V5Rz$h{ [ q0 }51Testing软件测试网+W9JF0N,R)a o@,IO(f
J r C a k:Z@0 /// <summary>51Testing软件测试网K^ IJ#W)lC
/// 计算两个直方图的相似度51Testing软件测试网s1q.SDS{4U,tL
/// </summary>
7H8X Zj0rs0 /// <param name="actualHisogram">待测图片的直方图</param>51Testing软件测试网3n y Z5}?hR%m
/// <param name="expectedHisogram">参考图片的直方图</param>
q.]7M5Pm7R8`/H#c0 /// <returns>得到直方图的相似度</returns>51Testing软件测试网R ? l~y*n?
private float GetFinalResult(int[] actualHisogram, int[] expectedHisogram)51Testing软件测试网6R/fx tA)H
{51Testing软件测试网 l F l1F%x W yN-[!d
if (actualHisogram.Length != expectedHisogram.Length)
u:KO cPk0 {
R0q4N1k4b4D.B H W0 return 0;51Testing软件测试网E(oY"? L;A)gzo
}51Testing软件测试网 b5uZ Xs
float result = 0;
!x e:[O? b eC0 int j = actualHisogram.Length;51Testing软件测试网#uq'r K2Q7C
for (int i = 0; i < j; i++)51Testing软件测试网X3`1id:M5b-u
{
4I,Y KNV$t0 result += 1 - GetAbs(actualHisogram[i], expectedHisogram[i]);
A h6s-uxO0 }
"m6E L H S4m(Vui0 return result / j;51Testing软件测试网5Uj buH
}
.lH k E{;{&?'s'[0 #endregion51Testing软件测试网W}C7g5M h!B;vd d a
}51Testing软件测试网&g!^[{t P
}51Testing软件测试网aL\'RU4Y [?
51Testing软件测试网 W:ol'P.a7i0U/I
Main
U s-ler(`yqN0static void Main(string[] args)
]G!W B(B!t$d0 {
,A#M E\9k UMo0 //启动待测窗口
/c R`f w`%kH0 Draw_A_Line ad = new Draw_A_Line();
#D+J(a fLG&o R!z0 Console.WriteLine("After the AUT loaded, Try to close it manually.");
2u,G S*W|-A,q0 System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(ad);
F2s-| n;_f+M,E;kv!_3R0
U:O6BpDt&X y(K0 /*************************
3D)Z |k_/YTH0 * 当窗口弹出后，手动关闭窗口51Testing软件测试网$E5t `?3v"@]
***************************/
P8BUXlr m N0
&hlf&m_$Wp8E0 //比较预期输出和实际输出51Testing软件测试网 @R)G(yc]
ImageComparator com = new ImageComparator(@"C:\Test\Test.jpg", @"C:\Test.jpg");51Testing软件测试网+{l `|*n!W8R8j Eb:I
if (com.IsSame)51Testing软件测试网']/vT.m&q Mdy8|
Console.WriteLine("Haha, the two is the same~~");51Testing软件测试网-p9~ O_5x H
Console.ReadKey();
7{lMrI0 }
因为一些私人的事情，本来早已经应该完成的一篇文章一直到今天才可以草草了结。在前面的两篇文章《图像相似度算法的C#实现及测评》《对“画条线”（Draw a line）的单元测试几点想法和实践》中，先后介绍了一个简单的会读直方图算法和一些关于GUI画图的测试想法。有必要说明的是，在《对“画条线”（Draw a line）的单元测试几点想法和实践》中提到的几种方法，最实用的是Mock法并不是今天的主题。
$Kl rRP `&h0&cUi+Uor,l0 这篇文章中继续前面的思路，简单写写有关GUI自动化测试的一点想法。51Testing软件测试网G[ `3{(Km6v
51Testing软件测试网p)u&q+A7j#Y [问题
b hBjeG8G y9[06x/k p+}e0 对于画线，画图等应用程序的功能自动化测试的解决方案？51Testing软件测试网'aK8YReq:Y
+@3on(M3O i m0解决思路
S1H2O~.j/tFO8@05J T_ mx2D0 采取截图法，即将用例中的输出截图，以图片作为输出结果，当然之前需要一个相应的图片作为预期结果，以便于比较。
!eDF2s h0G+h E0v:J ?L/{ I ?0 对于预期结果图片，可以采用的方式是先运行一次自动化测试代码截得一幅图片，然后手动检查图片是否为与其效果，如是则将该图片作为预期结果。（在功能自动化测试中，在第一次运行自动化测试脚本的时候，是应该在人工监视的条件下进行的，而更多时候在我们调试相应的脚本的时候就已经完成了相应的工作。）51Testing软件测试网8e U,w1l!^wS4x0f
y2k v&H a0示例代码51Testing软件测试网;{ tv.Ur'x,t KFl
51Testing软件测试网)D%y%t Z#pv!N+a1，待测代码示例51Testing软件测试网*@*}a{W+f fPI
Draw A Line[`9V L!xJ{0 /// <summary>51Testing软件测试网 YP*c h&W
/// 在Windows窗口上画图形
~ Ed0\{ Wi L7HY0 /// </summary>51Testing软件测试网&v-].y1Id5w
class Draw_A_Line : System.Windows.Forms.Form
7k3C D.s/q h0 {
0_3M h(Uzz#]0 //private Form MainForm;
0B4]/f s3G S] x0 System.ComponentModel.Container component = null;
K1E e-D(w0 Pen myPen = new Pen(Color.Black);51Testing软件测试网G:x YTCH5z
Bitmap bmpImg = null;51Testing软件测试网;m B Yy}
;h%Qm4b)q{/BVW R9y0 public Draw_A_Line()
HW"M ?!Z0XUe;U0 {
'|H"qw2b @s,Z0 InitializeComponent();51Testing软件测试网0{\8|:m b3_*g
}51Testing软件测试网 b,~+G9OE'I5F
51Testing软件测试网0? B;GQx U
private void InitializeComponent()51Testing软件测试网4N6d"X z-W
{51Testing软件测试网kH3H"q|_f9d h
this.component = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
;uE u5t6Ag0 this.Size = new Size(256, 256);
j [/Cm_{ n)oC0K0 this.Text = "TestMainForm";
d^H:O$K7k9|(zi051Testing软件测试网!y9Vh+@;hL
}51Testing软件测试网_6X^*o1N
+v)QU,TY ?0 /// <summary>51Testing软件测试网:tkQ$r Cn;~MO3Nd
/// 清理正在使用的资源
,_ H |;|Zu,}H0 /// </summary>
0x%fy_KLc0 /// <param name="disposing"></param>51Testing软件测试网o'b:A$Z3r a3} A3|
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
nX Vw1k+H2`2M x0 {
M%OB{.C ?V0 if (disposing)
V0v'{0oH\Q0 {51Testing软件测试网S f7@.s4I,w3q
if (component != null)51Testing软件测试网-A` j&a |9u R
{51Testing软件测试网d`BK#s
saveBmp(); //保存截图
9E.T F c;i7L {B$|-_0 component.Dispose();
3v@*b"HE.nzE0 }
NN6]&[2d(N/Zw0 }
'} D#CC { _*f c&A0 base.Dispose(disposing);
Z+bA2d+}5N*dZq0 }51Testing软件测试网~ABd6v|0Z
_ iV d^ O {1[xL:n0 //static Graphics SaveGraph;51Testing软件测试网 f9~D2tv
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
}f!r8f ]0 {51Testing软件测试网 \"U3c k h j ^ _D
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
8z!s&M2{&i^a,j,`0 myPen.Width = 5;51Testing软件测试网7i.l? _z
g.DrawLine(myPen, 16, 27, 38, 49);51Testing软件测试网 IQ/WHka+c'D
}
%i)XZ s9K O)C} I2v} I0 }
V2p&M8Fu U8K1S J P0 2，截图代码
%L5o7E"t5_6\"[.c%A0SaveBMPwY#SV1t0[DllImport("gdi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]51Testing软件测试网vh.H/@2B F
public static extern int BitBlt(HandleRef hDC, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, HandleRef hSrcDC, int xSrc, int ySrc, int dwRop);
RIn:Od,E6l0
+s:c\-S&hx051Testing软件测试网b.b'R VYg
public void saveBmp()51Testing软件测试网YDW;q@C0r
{51Testing软件测试网E)s"B#Mc4dCG J7G M1ZZ
//这里假设要保存一个窗体的内容51Testing软件测试网/iqR LM,N-}{fN
/l4p b%a:Ndy Q0 int width = 200; //获取宽度51Testing软件测试网&g S l|(X
51Testing软件测试网U m8i4FG.rr6^:{-Z
int height = 200; //获取高度
D,x D_*rp-y051Testing软件测试网V7cG jUcP)?sl
const int SRCCOPY = 0xcc0020; //复制图块的光栅操作码51Testing软件测试网1B Q1cHH4x
51Testing软件测试网A] l:j+cej1AE'GE7G
Bitmap bmSave = new Bitmap(width, height); //用于保存图片的位图对象
?mQ,Z,qV1H0
g v}8h*H)d3R f+]0 Graphics gSave = Graphics.FromImage(bmSave); //创建该位图的Graphics对象51Testing软件测试网 r)V/~E+~~Ta
f$h-b bu@,C0 HandleRef hDcSave = new HandleRef(null, gSave.GetHdc()); //得到句柄51Testing软件测试网3_ o(n#yJE
0aSK;ZF0 Graphics gSrc = this.CreateGraphics(); //创建窗体的Graphics对象51Testing软件测试网 Jv8Zb5sN
51Testing软件测试网V_(}#j#\"@P%D0A'p
HandleRef hDcSrc = new HandleRef(null, gSrc.GetHdc());51Testing软件测试网RM,i-DC aU|.t
51Testing软件测试网7O O7v4v!g
BitBlt(hDcSave, 0, 0, width, height, hDcSrc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
'_ F3V0? K+I Q0
[,U'LfTA0 gSrc.ReleaseHdc();
+x%~ dX5f*qZ;z!l C051Testing软件测试网o/pUm*kP&~
gSave.ReleaseHdc();51Testing软件测试网S:`SL q*N\
f4Wq [1V y9v0 bmSave.Save(@"C:\test.jpg",System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
h!L ~ d/I0
xx z NF Wq8V0 gSrc.Dispose();
*YkX^mQ5e051Testing软件测试网8s1X+x Y,R#i N
gSave.Dispose();
h&h-{3JQ'F Y051Testing软件测试网;^^@'|Hv@
bmSave.Dispose();
(r&f N'T9|6bS N051Testing软件测试网.M6GtB Z r'F `.v2~
}51Testing软件测试网:EQ e IO"[ V
3，图像比较类51Testing软件测试网+ht4Iu&Y?-O M/| F
ImageComparator,|!F g`!i5~#K [%r0using System;
3T%S~8\U@0using System.Collections.Generic;
I9G-HpK4U P0using System.Linq;51Testing软件测试网J i!D Z W h6l-`7z3l;E
using System.Text;51Testing软件测试网Q5IPe:So
using System.Drawing;
rMj(_Pz*H0using System.Drawing.Imaging;51Testing软件测试网 }Mj N%F!E1@
51Testing软件测试网4n&f ze] eFy:W
namespace Draw_A_Line_UnitTestProject
,B/VWcz2g0{
PY8e-X(Rjse*X4w L.O0 class ImageComparator51Testing软件测试网eI8] @6|/m3{'XS
{51Testing软件测试网3`#tUO(p0OxM6|bq
public bool IsSame { get; private set; }51Testing软件测试网Tymhe3b g }"w
51Testing软件测试网*y `#@S1W WR4v;A
public ImageComparator(Image actualImage, Image expectedImage)
fBy/a,j{^0 {
1J-E.wj Xo0 IsSame = false;51Testing软件测试网"_ [sE Tu
IsSame = ImgComp(actualImage, expectedImage);51Testing软件测试网!rUP"D+m3Y.T
}51Testing软件测试网1Z _d!p6k |1^
51Testing软件测试网7\;q9J/T'\9xBH$F
public ImageComparator(string actualImageFile, string expectedImageFile)
5W*pD-r$Ms0 {
.c N#~%{A;]M/s[0 Image actualImage = Image.FromFile(actualImageFile);
Jn I p,bCool0 Image expectedImage = Image.FromFile(expectedImageFile);
o&I |)v;r0 IsSame = false;51Testing软件测试网"g Z m l8yq w9Q
IsSame = ImgComp(actualImage, expectedImage);
"q3fJstM @U?7]1j S |0 }51Testing软件测试网 o*YVA q2P(B r
g NxG!C,IQY0
b!_i Ckk8_0 /// <summary>
D m+JR5D|0 /// 比较两张图片是否一致51Testing软件测试网oVSjl!h5N"g;I"Os
/// </summary>
6x VS2V aJ L v0 /// <param name="actualImage">被测图片</param>51Testing软件测试网 TlD5b%LH3kD.Gfv
/// <param name="expectedImage">参照图片</param>51Testing软件测试网'T7j_ O,r \
/// <returns>如果为真，两张图片一样否则不一样</returns>51Testing软件测试网-ur uj~ ^"e#\*f
private bool ImgComp(Image actualImage, Image expectedImage)
M8~t2X!s(}h0 {
$sE'D'l lg MH0 //现将两张图片都变成256 X 256 大小
(V ]5ve S EvZ+D/}-h0 Bitmap actualBmp = Resize(actualImage);51Testing软件测试网&S:L,~,yBb
Bitmap expectBmp = Resize(expectedImage);51Testing软件测试网"KQ!Je1ufK
[2f?s#s$DZQ0 //获取转换后的图片的直方图
$r D~1C h-i0 int[] actualHisogram = GetHisogram(actualBmp);51Testing软件测试网y \8n [5G8O8K,Ew
int[] expectHisogram = GetHisogram(expectBmp);
Fp r L hPQ C0
Ds+SS%W0F8J9{,e;R0 //比较两个直方图数据的相似性
YZ ?k:`L)O0 float result = GetFinalResult(actualHisogram, expectHisogram);51Testing软件测试网7a[vkDd `V6E
51Testing软件测试网8g fv LD
//如果相似度为1则表示两张图片是一样的
N0q C7p u*B E(b0 return (result == 1);51Testing软件测试网.[w f_ L$l IkJ
rhc _%{s(G0 //其实我们可以看到如果仅仅只是要比较两个直方图是不是一样的，完全可以比较数组中相应的index的元素是不是相等即可
4{0mh i.Q3J0 }51Testing软件测试网l.d}2\ u.q
.r [7zj x0 /// <summary>
9V^[V+T-Q0_^0 /// 将图片的转化为目标大小并返回转化后的图片
)a?t3R;d0Rn;x)a2r0 /// </summary>
8f)o ~,ko8e"~0 /// <param name="originImage">待转化图片</param>51Testing软件测试网%g/yKk+m.G-q%?3^6i2Uf
/// <param name="width">转化后的宽度</param>
,pk'H2mV0 /// <param name="height">转化后的高度</param>
1U KA^t xa5q;f0 /// <returns>转化后的图片</returns>51Testing软件测试网s7G'S#D n"VlPe
private Bitmap Resize(Image originImage, int width, int height)
5t,q%Kn dz0 {51Testing软件测试网|Q2lG9^].bI
Bitmap outImg = new Bitmap(originImage, width, height);51Testing软件测试网2M\#|IM2?#V
//outImg.Dispose();51Testing软件测试网J)Gf2T v C$h h t8H
return outImg;51Testing软件测试网 Zi8M4?G{-H(X
}
p ]J)ZsT051Testing软件测试网/O8s[ bS
/// <summary>51Testing软件测试网5a;dL Sq e'd b
/// 将图片转化为256 X 256大小并返回转化后的图片
#U8d{ A ] A)X K M0 /// </summary>
5t,c7z.v:f-^(\%a z0 /// <param name="originImage">待转化图片</param>
w)V R%ZcSs T0 /// <returns>转化后的图片</returns>51Testing软件测试网\5E9z B9I)g
private Bitmap Resize(Image originImage)51Testing软件测试网 ]p9[ ]1PG
{51Testing软件测试网;[,C2h GL.W&nZ^
return Resize(originImage, 256, 256);
8_&E@l(Z){0
1M@C q*q0 }
OB!r8Rgej051Testing软件测试网 _ A/u brz C
/// <summary>51Testing软件测试网 a&M1V zZk k
/// 获取位图文件的直方图数据51Testing软件测试网g-HUN5D0xXS3bL
/// </summary>
$sj9{"F/Hb c8u0 /// <param name="bmpImg">位图文件</param>
T VDi2W | L8W0 /// <returns>位图文件的直方图数组</returns>
g{k;^N {Y q0 private int[] GetHisogram(Bitmap bmpImg)
n!w9e#J\0 {51Testing软件测试网 M \nSs
BitmapData data = bmpImg.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, bmpImg.Width, bmpImg.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);51Testing软件测试网L f ?~ rG ~#w5`
int[] histogram = new int[256];51Testing软件测试网I#Va|7`A q
unsafe
gb*I&a u`w0 {51Testing软件测试网Tv @.n6n/J9m/b
byte* ptr = (byte*)data.Scan0;51Testing软件测试网5v5Dmb)W7f1v8B-Sm
int remain = data.Stride - data.Width * 3;51Testing软件测试网 zu F:I2@j
for (int i = 0; i < histogram.Length; i++)
o#tym})q,Hv!wdG0 histogram[i] = 0;51Testing软件测试网5A },P0h"w lm }\y:ds
for (int i = 0; i < data.Height; i++)51Testing软件测试网(d)w$c"Ek _0FP8J R
{
#c#ws|5j X4[y0 for (int j = 0; j < data.Width; j++)
;i+W BYOg m1R"oC0 {51Testing软件测试网p ^ H1E~m
int mean = ptr[0] + ptr[1] + ptr[2];
,~i m1{b$c)X4fMmi0 mean /= 3;51Testing软件测试网1q@ m)tZ"n{ l$f
histogram[mean]++;51Testing软件测试网L q6g+G s {!z
ptr += 3;51Testing软件测试网i T8Ev6B\_0{2t.H m
}
H5Cea{v%vb T X0 ptr += remain;51Testing软件测试网]4?:kc D
}
_2g'K!K C0 }
8{2hfsSo2w9]0 bmpImg.UnlockBits(data);
'`&B|\o|9P0 return histogram;51Testing软件测试网:{o$~[?3h#X G
}
H[7V@Yq;??051Testing软件测试网 \z0Nymh/f
#region 公式计算
[y kg,w*f ^#}fN0 /// <summary>
:I i:r z^ _ F A0 /// 计算两个整数相减后的绝对值除以两数中的较大值
4yS D%O C8nf:O8O'I0 /// </summary>51Testing软件测试网%J-s M+@{6~
/// <param name="firstNum">被减数</param>51Testing软件测试网f"wf%j7WL m'L5q
/// <param name="secondNum">减数</param>51Testing软件测试网]+o}Rr P Ov9z
/// <returns>计算结果</returns>51Testing软件测试网1{Mtm)N-F)x-r4z
private float GetAbs(int firstNum, int secondNum)
7~/a k!a?!T0 {
eS]c8N)e0 int abs = Math.Abs(firstNum - secondNum);
e*^?HvkA1c M0 int maxNum = Math.Max(firstNum, secondNum);51Testing软件测试网%DTP5r-W g#R
return (float)abs / ((maxNum == 0) ? 1 : maxNum);
i V5Rz$h{ [ q0 }51Testing软件测试网+W9JF0N,R)a o@,IO(f
J r C a k:Z@0 /// <summary>51Testing软件测试网K^ IJ#W)lC
/// 计算两个直方图的相似度51Testing软件测试网s1q.SDS{4U,tL
/// </summary>
7H8X Zj0rs0 /// <param name="actualHisogram">待测图片的直方图</param>51Testing软件测试网3n y Z5}?hR%m
/// <param name="expectedHisogram">参考图片的直方图</param>
q.]7M5Pm7R8`/H#c0 /// <returns>得到直方图的相似度</returns>51Testing软件测试网R ? l~y*n?
private float GetFinalResult(int[] actualHisogram, int[] expectedHisogram)51Testing软件测试网6R/fx tA)H
{51Testing软件测试网 l F l1F%x W yN-[!d
if (actualHisogram.Length != expectedHisogram.Length)
u:KO cPk0 {
R0q4N1k4b4D.B H W0 return 0;51Testing软件测试网E(oY"? L;A)gzo
}51Testing软件测试网 b5uZ Xs
float result = 0;
!x e:[O? b eC0 int j = actualHisogram.Length;51Testing软件测试网#uq'r K2Q7C
for (int i = 0; i < j; i++)51Testing软件测试网X3`1id:M5b-u
{
4I,Y KNV$t0 result += 1 - GetAbs(actualHisogram[i], expectedHisogram[i]);
A h6s-uxO0 }
"m6E L H S4m(Vui0 return result / j;51Testing软件测试网5Uj buH
}
.lH k E{;{&?'s'[0 #endregion51Testing软件测试网W}C7g5M h!B;vd d a
}51Testing软件测试网&g!^[{t P
}51Testing软件测试网aL\'RU4Y [?
51Testing软件测试网 W:ol'P.a7i0U/I
&] g |`x!Rj0 4，调用输出51Testing软件测试网$\/nFC+DxI It4{ Y
MainU s-ler(`yqN0static void Main(string[] args)
]G!W B(B!t$d0 {
,A#M E\9k UMo0 //启动待测窗口
/c R`f w`%kH0 Draw_A_Line ad = new Draw_A_Line();
#D+J(a fLG&o R!z0 Console.WriteLine("After the AUT loaded, Try to close it manually.");
2u,G S*W|-A,q0 System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(ad);
F2s-| n;_f+M,E;kv!_3R0
U:O6BpDt&X y(K0 /*************************
3D)Z |k_/YTH0 * 当窗口弹出后，手动关闭窗口51Testing软件测试网$E5t `?3v"@]
***************************/
P8BUXlr m N0
&hlf&m_$Wp8E0 //比较预期输出和实际输出51Testing软件测试网 @R)G(yc]
ImageComparator com = new ImageComparator(@"C:\Test\Test.jpg", @"C:\Test.jpg");51Testing软件测试网+{l `|*n!W8R8j Eb:I
if (com.IsSame)51Testing软件测试网']/vT.m&q Mdy8|
Console.WriteLine("Haha, the two is the same~~");51Testing软件测试网-p9~ O_5x H
Console.ReadKey();
7{lMrI0 }
%a%m]F X*J0
%M.s d3V3x/|?|/nk051Testing软件测试网L0q&w?ts方法改进和总结51Testing软件测试网8cu7_(T6o ` y3qd
8jM|lU x"b"[Q w [0 我们可以看到这个方法存在着很多缺陷，这也是为什么我的标题中加入了“粗糙”的缘故：51Testing软件测试网? { o N2hSY T x
51Testing软件测试网9J;x"weW pd q a1， 部分代码植入到了源代码中，如我们在源代码中重写了Dispose方法，加入了对于保存图像的调用相关代码，也加入了保存图像的方法到应用程序中。51Testing软件测试网4|q1\#w1u ]*\-so1x3e
qBv*J K9t@+Mr0 当然，这一点我们可以通过重构以解决，把保存图片的代码抽离这个应该不会太让人纠结。把调用从Dispose方法中抽离出来，目前我的想法是使用多线程，一个线程用来运行待测程序，另外一个线程则用来截图。简单的多线程操作可以参见我的另外一篇介绍文章《Winform自动化测试解决对话框问题（多线程）》。
`?$Nl K(e051Testing软件测试网j9` z[;Y)j7|2，截图方法使用了Windows API，我们应该使用其他更为合适的方法。
^ KQ t q ?`we051Testing软件测试网0r n9V`]N/`/~3，上面的示例代码只是为了说明一个大体思路，并不能作为一个完整的解决方案。不过笔者会利用业余时间尽快实现一个具有实践意义的解决方案。51Testing软件测试网#c|;u _N1P+[aD
51Testing软件测试网:}:L)]d$Gg.Bv1s完整示例代码下载
/xG-bN p7L8j m051Testing软件测试网2fhp4o7szj Q示例代码下载51Testing软件测试网'^7fIH-m#o a6f3g\0o
TAG:
标题搜索
日历
|
|||||||||
| 日 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |||
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | |||
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |||
| 29 | 30 | 31 | |||||||
我的存档
数据统计
- 访问量: 97042
- 日志数: 103
- 图片数: 1
- 文件数: 1
- 建立时间: 2007-10-14
- 更新时间: 2009-06-08
