展望2011

2007-01-04 | java的初始化(2)【转载】

上一篇 / 下一篇  2007-04-27 17:58:48 / 个人分类:编程基础

1.初始化的顺序
 
对类而言,初始化的顺序是由变量在类的定义里面的顺序决定的,变量的定义可能会分散在类定义的各个地方,并且与方法的定义相互交错,但是变量的初始化会先于任何方法,甚至是构造函数的调用。
 
class Tag {
1b0k `;AB v8n b+r0  Tag(int marker) {51Testing软件测试网0vDT#n'AeV
    System.out.println("Tag(" + marker + ")");51Testing软件测试网*XbJ!vzaDI C
  }
S0y`j"u3P,X |0}51Testing软件测试网s^&`D ]r
class Card {51Testing软件测试网8lQdc @m9bO0v
  Tag t1 = new Tag(1); // Before constructor
p0d0H9J-\p D&he0  Card() {51Testing软件测试网C3b8S-L g.kk
    // Indicate we're in the constructor:
%@ Wp Q+pS z+jD2h0    System.out.println("Card()");
-e6YW?^f q S0    t3 = new Tag(33); // Reinitialize t351Testing软件测试网 fIBz7a
  }
Up z/w ~9c%X0  Tag t2 = new Tag(2); // After constructor51Testing软件测试网+h@r_8i|qF
  void f() {
3XW4Ar5_7UF[j%}0    System.out.println("f()");
n'nQh `:[*D M0  }
"d^0^E'x*\e3_+N0  Tag t3 = new Tag(3); // At end51Testing软件测试网!jR%lN-w
}
rKI&U5th0public class Flower {51Testing软件测试网2C0GX/M"ja,e&z_
  public static void main(String[] args) {
:KTX"ml7wMA0    Card t = new Card();
J/N*n(V O@ ]~0    t.f(); // Shows that construction is done51Testing软件测试网e E%D@ W
  }51Testing软件测试网!M-W!i0jz0Q li
}
 
输出结果如下:
Tag(1)
Tag(2)
Tag(3)
Card()
Tag(33)
f()
 
2.静态数据的初始化
 
无论创建多少对象,static数据只能有一份。它的初始化不是在定义的时候进行的。
 
class Bowl {51Testing软件测试网7c4^4g!U&s_|'Mz*z?/}
   Bowl(int marker) {51Testing软件测试网Qm:P;PwMN GK
     System.out.println("Bowl(" + marker + ")");51Testing软件测试网G7d`3M)J'}
   }
g.Xb-B&}m P;^i0   void f(int marker) {
5IhN.G |e"Fz0     System.out.println("f(" + marker + ")");
Ou6p*o:P^^0   }
y-Rt bB3[*Cz7NXg4k0}
JX`S^0class Table {
_Pj5u&nR)}2L1e(p+n0   static Bowl b1 = new Bowl(1);
E#V Q yD css,v+U0   Table() {51Testing软件测试网Bp)\-Y"Z;q{@
     System.out.println("Table()");
$Pb8DEwy0     b2.f(1);
(Qi9bOfMl0   }
GA `%F?.mc@0   void f2(int marker) {51Testing软件测试网 O6jeY&ZPn3E
     System.out.println("f2(" + marker + ")");
gYiv:T$Q;k0   }51Testing软件测试网0H.Xh*^*v0rK|
   static Bowl b2 = new Bowl(2);
S,V8N\ei+U ZmWq0}
!L+b7m\b @i0class Cupboard {
$S ztNJ:cva\0   Bowl b3 = new Bowl(3);
jKIK;^U%e0   static Bowl b4 = new Bowl(4);51Testing软件测试网o Z4fH+YYw
   Cupboard() {
h-gtR9re;g}%Y$Xz~#x0     System.out.println("Cupboard()");51Testing软件测试网1t)O%u g3f
     b4.f(2);51Testing软件测试网zC k(Ek(f bE0z
   }
H7X7D } s0   void f3(int marker) {
    System.out.println("f3(" + marker + ")");
l^;b"k3WDP0k-D0  }
ZC%b0t9Zx9o^0  static Bowl b5 = new Bowl(5);51Testing软件测试网RUp ]%m/T T K9D
}
8ek"rs;n S:if0public class E1 {51Testing软件测试网-T*^z:_9EN'v
  public static void main(String[] args) {51Testing软件测试网+|5^:Y|0jeFN
    System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
K?6\H/h5A(^En0    new Cupboard();
#I-K C4l"RF0    System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
9P:\A s;Q;s!Rm0    new Cupboard();
   Table t2 = new Table();
p N$|L W[O0 Cupboard t3 = new Cupboard();
@O/@!w8v1wy:BoxH0    t2.f2(1);51Testing软件测试网lut.Z3|i
    t3.f3(1);51Testing软件测试网;ZH_\+i(@5k
  }51Testing软件测试网 i[ ~,r2[rX9i|
}
 
程序的输出如下:
 
Creating new Cupboard() in main
Bowl(4)
Bowl(5)
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
Creating new Cupboard() in main
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
Bowl(1)
Bowl(2)
Table()
f(1)
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
f2(1)
f3(1)
 
从程序的输出可以看出,static成员只会在需要的时候进行初始化。如果没有创建Table对象,就永远不可能用到Table.b1或者Table.b2,因此也不会去创建static的Bowl b1和b2。只有创建了第一个Table对象之后(或者第一次访问static成员的时候),它们才会被初始化。此后,static对象就不会再作初始化了。

TAG: JAVA 初始化 编程基础

 

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