WinRunner测试技巧集 - 1
1.WinRunner如何把Real类型转化为指数表示方法
答：
指数类型转化为real类型，可以通过下边的代码
var = 5.3569E+10;
pause(var);
#显示 53569000000
Real类型转化为指数表示方式
var = sprintf("%e",53568544768);
pause(var);
#displays 5.356854e+010
2.什么是同步点，怎样用它？他和Wait有什么不同？
答： 从功能上他们都可以实现脚本和被测试程序同步的问题，不过同步点有window/object,bitmap方式，她等待的是某个等待的对象 窗体，bitmap的出现，一定程度她也可以作为验证点
wait这点上无法实现相同的效果。有的脚本中即使你加入wait，但是你无法知道下边的对象窗体图片是否就是成需要运行的正确 出现的
3.tl_step和tl_step_once的区别
答：tl_step和tl_step_once都是把运行状态信息放到运行结果中去，区别在如果连接TD，TL_STEP把每步状态信息都插入到测试结果中去，tl_step_once如果连接td，只是插入一次运行步骤的名字
代码例子:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for (i=1;i<4;i++){
tl_step("Step", PASS, "reporting step, #" &i);
tl_step_once("Step Once", PASS, "reporting step once, #" &i);
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WR中的报告:
Step: Step, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step, #1
Step: Step Once, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step once, #1
Step: Step, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step, #2
Step: Step Once, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step once, #2
Step: Step, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step, #3
Step: Step Once, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step once, #3
TD中的报告:
Step: Step, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step, #1
Step: Step Once, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step once, #1
Step: Step, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step, #2
Step: Step, Status: PASS, Descrīption: reporting step, #3
4.WinRunner和TD集成后脚本运行很慢是什么原因呢？
答：安装TD和WinRunner服务器上需要独占100GByte，TD需要10OGHZ时钟速度16GB RAM的处理平台
5.WR是否支持vs.net
根据Mercury的介绍，他们的对.Net的支持转移到QuickTest Pro上了，如果你需要自动化测试.Net程序（不是web的），建议用QuickTestPro。也就是说wr不支持vs.net开发的程序
6.我对比两个文件file1.txt和file2.txt，文本内容如下
file1.txt 内容如下:
10523 8315 6804 8387 3643 4550 3457 3649
file2.txt内容如下:
190176 155737 117417 145194 65314 81431 64522 63324
代码如下：file_compare("C:\\file1.txt","C:\\file2.txt","save");
为什么每次对比这两个文件结果都是通过的。
答：这个问题的原因在于它在前面的脚本中对文件进行了操作，没有关闭，所以这段代码运行总是通过
7.如何在winRunner中用Windows的API函数
在使用该API函数前需要先加载该函数然后声明API函数，代码如下
load_dll("user32.dll");
extern int PostMessageA(in long, in long, in long, in long);
win_get_info("{class:window, MSW_class:AfxMDIFrame42, label:\"!WinRunner.*\"}", "handle", hWnd);
PostMessageA(hWnd, 16, 0, 0);
请在尝试以上代码的时候，保存脚本，呵呵！
8.怎样处理跟踪键盘操作？
答：下边的代码希望对你有帮助
function GetKeyStatus(in vKey){
auto pid, thread_id, win_desc, hWnd, KeyState, win_log_name, win_full_desc, focused_obj_desc;
win_desc = "{active:1}";
if (win_exists(win_desc)==0) {
win_get_desc(win_desc, "", "", "", win_full_desc);
GUI_map_get_logical_name( win_full_desc, "", win_log_name, "bla");
win_get_info(win_desc, "handle", hWnd);
pid = GetWindowThreadProcessId(hWnd, NULL);
thread_id=GetCurrentThreadId();
AttachThreadInput(pid,thread_id,TRUE);
KeyState=GetKeyState (vKey);
AttachThreadInput(pid,thread_id,FALSE);
if (KeyState < 0)
return(0); # Key is pressed
else
return (1); # Key is not pressed
}
else
return (-1); # No active window found, so cannot determine key state
}
9.WinRunner如何处理excel?
答：其实解决方法有很多，这里列举两种。
一.利用其他语言特性开发出dll提供给winrunner使用（vb,vc,delphi等）
二.在其他环境中实现，用winrunner调用
第一种我在这里不举例子了，第二种我利用vbs往excel中赋值给大家提供一种思路，代码如下：
'vbs中的代码
Dim ExcelApp
Dim itemX
if Wscrīpt.Arguments.Count < 2 then
r = msgbox("Requires 2 arguments", 48, "change_sheet")
else
dim fso
set fso = createobject("scrīpting.filesystemobject")
xlBook = fso.GetAbsolutePathName(Wscrīpt.Arguments(0))
xlSheet = Wscrīpt.Arguments(1)
set fso = Nothing
Set ExcelApp = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
ExcelApp.Workbooks.Open(xlBook)
Set itemX = ExcelApp.ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets.Item(xlSheet)
itemX.Activate
excelApp.ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(xlSheet).Range("A1").Select
excelapp.ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "1"
excelApp.ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(xlSheet).Range("B1").Select
excelapp.ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "2"
excelApp.ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(xlSheet).Range("c1").Select
excelapp.ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "3"
ExcelApp.ActiveWorkbook.Save()
ExcelApp.ActiveWorkbook.Close(1)
ExcelApp.Quit()
Set itemX = Nothing
Set ExcelApp = Nothing
end if
winrunner中的调用代码：
dos_system("wscrīpt \"C:\\excel_sheet.vbs\" \"C:\\SheetBook.xls\" \"Sheet2\"");
10.在WinRunner中如何实现得到transaction时间？
答：一般情况下transaction的时间只能在最后结果中得到，如何在脚本得到这个时间呢，下边的代码可以帮助你：
public transactions[];
function start_my_transaction(in transaction_name)
{
transactions[transaction_name] = get_time();
tl_step("Start transaction: \"" & transaction_name & "\"",PASS,"Timestamp: " & transactions[transaction_name]);
return (transactions[transaction_name]);
}
function end_my_transaction(in transaction_name)
{
auto end_time = get_time();
auto rc;
if(transactions[transaction_name] == "")
{
tl_step("End transaction: \"" & transaction_name & "\"",FAIL,"Transaction was never started.");
rc = -1;
}
else
tl_step("End transaction: \"" & transaction_name & "\"",PASS,"Elapsed Time: " & (rc = end_time - transactions[transaction_name]));
delete transactions[transaction_name];
return rc;
}
start_my_transaction("my_transaction");
wait(2);
rc = end_my_transaction("my_transaction");
pause("Elapsed time = " & rc);
