Android 性能测试之 Monkey

上一篇 / 下一篇  2017-07-17 14:36:40 / 个人分类:其他测试工具

  这里简单说一下monkey的实现原理。
  起步
  当你执行adb shell monkey的时候,它到底干了什么。
  monkey位于/system/bin目录下。内容为:
  # Script. to start "monkey" on the device, which has a very rudimentary
  # shell.
  #
  base=/system
  export CLASSPATH=$base/framework/monkey.jar
  trap "" HUP
  exec app_process $base/bin com.android.commands.monkey.Monkey $*
  首先,这个app_process是什么呢?
  app_process是Android的系统启动进程,用于启动zygote和其他java进程:
  if (zygote) {
         runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
     } else if (className) {
         runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
     }
  更详细的内容,需要阅读android源码,这里不做详细扩展。
  adb这里是runtime执行com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit来启动,位置在:
  /system/framework/下面。有很多系统的包,其中有一个/system/framework/monkey.jar为monkey的所在包。
  com.android.commands.monkey.Monkey
  Application that injects random key events and other actions into the system.
  下面,我们一步一步讲解一下:
  public static void main(String[] args) {
          // Set the process name showing in "ps" or "top"
          Process.setArgV0("com.android.commands.monkey");
          int resultCode = (new Monkey()).run(args);
          System.exit(resultCode);
      }
  看一下run具体方法:

  monkey中注入系统事件是通过使用内部API来实现的(activemanger, windowmanger, packagemanger),其他方式(instrumentation)只能是二等公民。
  private int run(String[] args) {
      processOptions();//处理参数
      loadPackageLists();//加载黑白名单,可测的有效包名   
      getSystemInterfaces();//获取系统接口,都是系统的隐藏接口。
      //mAm = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
      //这里返回了一个ActivityManagerProxy对象,用来执行mangerservice接口。
      //mWm = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("window"));    
      //上面,获取了系统窗口服务
      //mPm = IPackageManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("package"));   
      getMainApps();//获取要执行的activity
      mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,
                      mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);//产生一个随机事件
      ((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);
      mEventSource.validate();//验**,并调整比例
      mNetworkMonitor.start();//监听网络变化
      crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();//monkey核心逻辑
  }
  我们看一下monkey的事件列表类:
  public abstract class MonkeyEvent {
      protected int eventType;
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_KEY = 0;
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_TOUCH = 1;
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_TRACKBALL = 2;
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_ROTATION = 3;  // Screen rotation
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_ACTIVITY = 4;
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_FLIP = 5; // Keyboard flip
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_THROTTLE = 6;
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_PERMISSION = 7;
      public static final int EVENT_TYPE_NOOP = 8;
      public static final int INJECT_SUCCESS = 1;
      public static final int INJECT_FAIL = 0;
      // error code for remote exception during injection
      public static final int INJECT_ERROR_REMOTE_EXCEPTION = -1;
      // error code for security exception during injection
      public static final int INJECT_ERROR_SECURITY_EXCEPTION = -2;
      public MonkeyEvent(int type) {
          eventType = type;
      }
      ...
  monkey有11种事件,在MonkeyEventSource中有事件的比例设置。
  下面,我们来看monekey的核心执行逻辑;
  while (!systemCrashed && cycleCounter < mCount) {
      //检查是否发生**R
      if (mRequestAnrBugreport){
          getBugreport("anr_" + mReportProcessName + "_");
          mRequestAnrBugreport = false;
      }
      //检查系统watchdog是否报告bug
       if (mRequestWatchdogBugreport) {
           System.out.println("Print the watchdog report");
           getBugreport("anr_watchdog_");
           mRequestWatchdogBugreport = false;
       }
      //检查是否发生了CRASH
      if (mRequestAppCrashBugreport){
          getBugreport("app_crash" + mReportProcessName + "_");
          mRequestAppCrashBugreport = false;
      }
      //检查bugreport报告生成
       if (mRequestPeriodicBugreport){
           getBugreport("Bugreport_");
           mRequestPeriodicBugreport = false;
       }
      //报告系统信息,ANR时出发
       if (mRequestDumpsysMemInfo) {
           mRequestDumpsysMemInfo = false;
           shouldReportDumpsysMemInfo = true;
       }
      //获取下一个随机时间
      MonkeyEvent ev = mEventSource.getNextEvent();    
      //注入事件
       int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);
  }
  回到之前的代码逻辑,这个mEventSource有三种来源:
  //脚本模式
              mEventSource = new MonkeySourceScript(mRandom, mScriptFileNames.get(0), mThrottle,
                      mRandomizeThrottle, mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime);
       mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mSetupFileName,
                          mScriptFileNames, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
                          mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
  //网络模式,monkeyrunner的使用方式
   mEventSource = new MonkeySourceNetwork(mServerPort);
  //默认模式,一般都使用随机事件
  mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps,
                      mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mPermissionTargetSystem);
  好,我们这里展开说一下脚本模式怎么使用monkey.先写一个简单的monkey事件脚本文件:
  /**
   * monkey event queue. It takes a script. to produce events sample script. format:
   *
   * <pre>
   * type= raw events
   * count= 10
   * speed= 1.0
   * start data &gt;&gt;
   * captureDispatchPointer(5109520,5109520,0,230.75429,458.1814,0.20784314,0.06666667,0,0.0,0.0,65539,0)
   * captureDispatchKey(5113146,5113146,0,20,0,0,0,0)
   * captureDispatchFlip(true)
   * ...
   * </pre>
   */
  #我们以小米商城为例,进入商城,滑动到最下面
  type= user
  count= 49
  speed= 1.0
  start data >>
  LaunchActivity(com.xiaomi.shop, com.xiaomi.shop.activity.MainTabActivity)
  #wait for launch
  UserWait(10000)
  #drag to down
  Drag(542,1326,542,560,15)
  #wait for 500 milliseconds
  UserWait(500)
  #tap second tab
  Tap(346,1868)
  那这个脚本是怎么解析的呢?(这里不详细展开):
  readHeader();//打开文件,读文件头,设置参数,文件头的结尾必须是:STARTING_DATA_LINE    
  当然,脚本中也可以不写文件头的。   
  readLines();
  readNextBatch();
  processLine();//处理每一行命令,加入事件队列中。命令包括:  
  ```java
      // event key word in the capture log
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_POINTER = "DispatchPointer";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_TRACKBALL = "DispatchTrackball";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_ROTATION = "RotateScreen";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_KEY = "DispatchKey";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_FLIP = "DispatchFlip";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_KEYPRESS = "DispatchPress";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_ACTIVITY = "LaunchActivity";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_INSTRUMENTATION = "LaunchInstrumentation";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_WAIT = "UserWait";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_LONGPRESS = "LongPress";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_POWERLOG = "PowerLog";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_WRITEPOWERLOG = "WriteLog";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_RUNCMD = "RunCmd";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_TAP = "Tap";//点击,轻触
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PROFILE_WAIT = "ProfileWait";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_DEVICE_WAKEUP = "DeviceWakeUp";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_INPUT_STRING = "DispatchString";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PRESSANDHOLD = "PressAndHold"; //
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_DRAG = "Drag"; //拖动
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_PINCH_ZOOM = "PinchZoom";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_START_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "StartCaptureFramerate";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_END_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "EndCaptureFramerate";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_START_APP_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE =
              "StartCaptureAppFramerate";
      private static final String EVENT_KEYWORD_END_APP_FRAMERATE_CAPTURE = "EndCaptureAppFramerate";
  就是酱紫。执行一下我们的脚本(命令列表):
  adb -s 8b52f091 push d:\script.txt /sdcard/data
  monkey -f /sdcard/data/script.txt 1
  你可以看到,我们滑动到了底部,然后打开了第二个TAB。当然,我们可以直接通过adb shell来执行上面的操作:
  adb shell input swipe 542 1326 560 15
  adb shell input swipe 542 1326 560 15
  adb shell input tap 346 1868
  这里使用的是input命令来执行。和monkey一样,input是一个脚本,执行的是/system/framework/input.jar:
  $ cat /system/bin/input
  # Script. to start "input" on the device, which has a very rudimentary
  # shell.
  #
  base=/system
  export CLASSPATH=$base/framework/input.jar
  exec app_process $base/bin com.android.commands.input.Input "$@"
  回到monkey上去,上面说到
  int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);
  这个事件来源三类,我们现在看默认的随机事件(MonkeySourceRandom),它的getnextevent返回多种随机事件,这里以MonkeyMotionEvent为例进行说明
  @Override
      public int injectEvent(IWindowManager iwm, IActivityManager iam, int verbose) {
          MotionEvent me = getEvent();
          if ((verbose > 0 && !mIntermediateNote) || verbose > 1) {
              StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder(":Sending ");
              msg.append(getTypeLabel()).append(" (");
              switch (me.getActionMasked()) {
                  case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                      msg.append("ACTION_DOWN");
                      break;
                  case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                      msg.append("ACTION_MOVE");
                      break;
                  case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                      msg.append("ACTION_UP");
                      break;
                  case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                      msg.append("ACTION_CANCEL");
                      break;
                  case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
                      msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_DOWN ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));
                      break;
                  case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:
                      msg.append("ACTION_POINTER_UP ").append(me.getPointerId(me.getActionIndex()));
                      break;
                  default:
                      msg.append(me.getAction());
                      break;
              }
              msg.append("):");
              int pointerCount = me.getPointerCount();
              for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
                  msg.append(" ").append(me.getPointerId(i));
                  msg.append(":(").append(me.getX(i)).append(",").append(me.getY(i)).append(")");
              }
              System.out.println(msg.toString());
          }
          try {
              //InputManager.getInstance返回input manager的实例
              //Injects an input event into the event system on behalf of an application
              //注入事件
              if (!InputManager.getInstance().injectInputEvent(me,
                      InputManager.INJECT_INPUT_EVENT_MODE_WAIT_FOR_RESULT)) {
                  return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_FAIL;
              }
          } finally {
              me.recycle();
          }
          return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_SUCCESS;
      }
  其他如MonkeyRotationEvent,使用iwm.freezeRotation(mRotationDegree);来实现旋转屏幕。
  总结
  monkey事件来源三种:默认随机事件、脚本定义事件、network网络事件;
  monkey事件根据类型比例生成事件队列,循环查找事件;
  monkey事件的实现使用系统内部API(activemanager,inputmanager,windowmanager)来实现;

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