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51Testing软件测试网,O:l3Y&[_7`3QThe principles of Simplified English are these: It uses short phrases while avoiding metaphors, multi-syllabic words and words that have multiple meanings. "If a 3- or 4-year-old can understand a sentence without asking questions about the syntax or what a word or metaphor means, the sentence is probably in [Simplified] English."
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Simplified English employs the following concepts:51Testing软件测试网rDkvX!]/oL
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Concept #1: Write as concisely as possible.When writing a sentence, re-read it and think about how it can be written more concisely. For example, here is a sentence that can be written in a more succinct way:
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p0R0“When you plan ahead, you are able to think more clearly when you are busy.”51Testing软件测试网{1C`} ^)B9ib9p(H"A
|!L6x*b2@X~%sG0On first glance, this sentence might seem simple enough. It's clearly written and uses common words that have no double meanings. But it could have been written even more concisely:51Testing软件测试网4S"n3_ l(i ],G
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“You can think more clearly when you are busy if you plan ahead.”
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X+l4I0Three words were cut out and the syntax was restructured for a clearer understanding. Yet, this sentence can be cut down even more:51Testing软件测试网*IcC.q*sil3w C
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“You can think clearly when you plan ahead.”
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F'P@2_sY lcx0The part about being busy was left out. Was it essential to the sentence? It depends on the context. If being busy was a core part of the subject, then it should be left in, Kirk says. "If not, this sentence has just been reduced from 15 words to eight! How short would e-mails be if their writers took the time to do this with every e-mail?"
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Concept #2: Use active tense.High school and college students are typically taught to use passive wording, and journalists and academics also typically write that way (for example, this article is written in the passive voice). However, according to Kirk, this is not always the most clear way of writing.51Testing软件测试网"o6W Bb/Bm3p6m kot0}x
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"Even though many people will understand passive tense, new English speakers and translators appreciate the use of the active voice. For example, instead of writing, 'The sign was created for your information,' write, 'The company created the sign for your information.' A good rule of thumb for writing in the active voice is putting a clear doer of the action in front of each verb."
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A good start would be to stop using the wordsis,beandare, she says. "For example, instead of, 'It is appreciated when you pick up your trash,' write, 'The company appreciates when you pick up your trash.' " Thinking about the subject of the sentence, who performs the verb, helps you write in as simple a manner as possible and will almost always keep you writing in the active voice, she adds.
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X L Y&Xj5]bo0Concept #3: When writing a verb, include the subject of that verb.Beyond the rule for writing in the active voice, this concept eliminates confusion about using pronouns, and helps new English speakers and translators determine the clear subject for each verb. "For example, 'Every time I drive my car to the store, it breaks down!' In this sentence,itcould refer to the car or to the store, but there is no way to know for sure just by reading this sentence." The sentence could do without the extra pronoun and be more precise by specifying whatitrefers to: “Every time I drive my car to the store, my car breaks down!”
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Kirk offers these additional tips for writing in Simplified English:
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» | Put phrases next to the words that they modify |
» | Keep the language simple |
» | Avoid slang and clichés |
» | Avoid cultural references (for example, common myths or fictional references) |
» | Avoid words that have more than one meaning (for example, account can be a verb or can refer to a bank account, etc.) |
» | Avoid leaving out verbs (or nouns) to make your sentences shorter if leaving them out reduces clarity |
51Testing软件测试网2yC ji3Rw wThese principles can help you communicate more effectively with any audience, even those who translate your words to another language. And according to Kirk, "Your readers will thank you for making their lives easier!"
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