Linux多线程编程,替代sleep的几种方式
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/ 个人分类:Linux
51Testing软件测试网jRB| y 我只想要进程的某个线程休眠一段时间的,可是用sleep()是将整个进程都休眠的,这个可能就达不到,我们想要的效果了。目前我知道有三种方式:
;T$b4dLs\'N-l051Testing软件测试网HPgSQ7|J 1、usleep
l$fZ^(p0OjYK t-M0 这个是轻量级的,听说能可一实现线程休眠,我个人并不喜欢这种方式,所以我没有验证它的可行信(个人不推荐)。51Testing软件测试网6e%J+^^H%Uqe;py
51Testing软件测试网#J5W5Hu2N}0W 2、select
K+akX+MR;^:J?H0v+EfU^1m2?0 这个可以,我也用过这种方式,它是在轮询。
ma#Z6JP-AnH051Testing软件测试网NE/uG r 3、pthread_cond_timedwait
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采用pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex,
const struct timespec
*abstime)可以优雅的解决该问题,设置等待条件变量cond,如果超时,则返回;如果等待到条件变量cond,也返回。本文暂不将内部机理,仅演
示一个demo。51Testing软件测试网
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51Testing软件测试网*B&G;yvqM 首先,看这段代码,thr_fn为一个线程函数:51Testing软件测试网
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51Testing软件测试网9|Q\|+J \ #include <stdio.h> [o$S3]7~ gG4eF0#include <stdlib.h> kriH3@+h!@051Testing软件测试网+O;R9h5`-tuo.vint flag = 1;51Testing软件测试网 _#WWK
A"K8Pr void * thr_fn(void * arg) { \VU/~ N\ ~)R0 while (flag){ 5uR/?5i#~0 printf("******\n");51Testing软件测试网5iA!CSFk8P&cP sleep(10);51Testing软件测试网3gL+bB7W0i)d1mG
t } "D.z-\ I*HKU'Qn;r9w0 printf("sleeptestthread exit\n"); ;?*e_c s0}51Testing软件测试网 g&a4c*V,x6AM9?{ 51Testing软件测试网9f'C'l
J,D$u int main() {51Testing软件测试网"b
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` pthread_t thread; ?#g3p)S0I6u0 if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {51Testing软件测试网r^.}.[)^ printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno);51Testing软件测试网 \6{\;VJVVzM return 1;51Testing软件测试网&]5\&o+VbMQI } u[
Vo)pE)TF0 51Testing软件测试网#xb$P_*KaKa char c ; gtNKf8b"A0 while ((c = getchar()) != 'q'); rK-G/FMv b;YE3q/S0 &NqR
Hj5u/Q0 printf("Now terminate the thread!\n");51Testing软件测试网J2S4Lr5C}F#mO flag = 0;51Testing软件测试网V)Ns+x$nG kb"]P printf("Wait for thread to exit\n");51Testing软件测试网P(m/N_k]b"e pthread_join(thread, NULL);51Testing软件测试网'M*VxJ2y2w printf("Bye\n");51Testing软件测试网b.A b,PE&C return 0; 0G'rR:u8MO0} :@&Zdr0bji1z0 |
1q:C-m.MFb0 输入q后,需要等线程从sleep中醒来(由挂起状态变为运行状态),即最坏情况要等10s,线程才会被join。采用sleep的缺点:不能及时唤醒线程。
AL0b9PUH0mB(Lo4w0 采用pthread_cond_timedwait函数实现的如下:
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51Testing软件测试网9s7LM Ss8HL #include <stdio.h>51Testing软件测试网;B y#gH#{r8]]5@\ W #include <sys/time.h> B s?a:h
[ \Ao0#include <unistd.h>
Z0@3N uY C3w;l[v7t0#include <pthread.h> D6Wu1X5t'x8|%J!_0#include <errno.h> !v2e'^S0nQ|.w0 51Testing软件测试网c3IwM(ei%?[ ~ static pthread_t thread; td+q6L-r8Q0static pthread_cond_t cond; qa|3gW`0static pthread_mutex_t mutex; W#L6e#@G6Wm`2T0static int flag = 1;51Testing软件测试网~
g9xK)r2V 51Testing软件测试网l8N^jaa'HB'D void * thr_fn(void * arg) YD0d*W-@ vzI#K ^7C@0{51Testing软件测试网 Z:Qe
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~ struct timeval now;51Testing软件测试网l4_8K
qYVQZ struct timespec outtime; c!_'sZ;YmmBqC0 pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);51Testing软件测试网J(g/l6K0`#Qe!~ while (flag) {51Testing软件测试网J8AbXq7R6I printf("*****\n");51Testing软件测试网T:E
}6Ky gettimeofday(&now, NULL); 5m&f&N2coI0yfZ)B0 outtime.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + 5;51Testing软件测试网r cd:u3fM outtime.tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000;51Testing软件测试网[4F;B`-] pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond, &mutex, &outtime); ?,^+` b+hBTv0 }51Testing软件测试网+cKEv#_pO1b pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);51Testing软件测试网.K)k4JWS;c printf("cond thread exit\n"); IH.o1zW0}51Testing软件测试网&R"A-d
{#`e 51Testing软件测试网ao:hQ7a.jHU int main(void)51Testing软件测试网'zB3f%Ia8U {51Testing软件测试网~z#_+D
_.o)io(W9G pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL); m/UK-sF8Pe&G0 pthread_cond_init(&cond, NULL); W$jU
P$FI5V0 if (0 != pthread_create(&thread, NULL, thr_fn, NULL)) {51Testing软件测试网f:~D$tZ
p printf("error when create pthread,%d\n", errno); -K%FQ$h7G/e)gh:n0 return 1; SY:}
@8I{-Rx0 }51Testing软件测试网[ _%G/w`![b:h char c ;51Testing软件测试网1ncOH6V$Y&H!n while ((c = getchar()) != 'q'); #X}8HJ/t0 printf("Now terminate the thread!\n"); s)s5VR| Y051Testing软件测试网`hIe#kGc*G+z pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);51Testing软件测试网d1^xK&]i[,N}b flag = 0; !kg](xV&bH0 pthread_cond_signal(&cond); )f6vR'n(b`5x'l3R0 pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); 5O&P%_sG0q.E0 printf("Wait for thread to exit\n"); Ov]*T;\rYi0 pthread_join(thread, NULL);51Testing软件测试网3q}0ny Ef#w printf("Bye\n");51Testing软件测试网)Cy)j}#n'D? return 0; s9anVL&E0}51Testing软件测试网7vi5CIu)B |
51Testing软件测试网$@1aI:Q
jdW.hC2`k-b pthread_cond_timedwait()函数阻塞住调用该函数的线程,等待由cond指定的条件被触发(pthread_cond_broadcast() or pthread_cond_signal())。
PFotZ[C(l$Y0+^,^C.M(IH0 当pthread_cond_timedwait()被调用时,调用线程必须已经锁住了mutex。函数
pthread_cond_timedwait()会对mutex进行【解锁和执行对条件的等待】(原子操作)。这里的原子意味着:解锁和执行条件的等待
是原则的,一体的。(In this case, atomically means with respect to the mutex
andthe condition variable and other access by threads to those
objectsthrough the pthread condition variable interfaces.)
/b'e^W8|0*zT9j;z%G0 如果等待条件满足或超时,或线程被取消,调用线程需要在线程继续执行前先自动锁住mutex,如果没有锁住mutex,产生EPERM错误。即,该函数返回时,mutex已经被调用线程锁住。
3fb{O1P&DuI0VYD+x4v0 等待的时间通过abstime参数(绝对系统时间,过了该时刻就超时)指定,超时则返回ETIMEDOUT错误码。开始等待后,等待时间不受系统时钟改变的影响。51Testing软件测试网{&n-TD#G0xA6^