概述
工程安装
我们将在本文中使用的应用程序是一个API，它提供了一些员工资源的基本操作。 这是一个典型的分层架构 - API调用从Controller到Service到Persistence层。
Maven 依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <version>1.4.194</version> </dependency> |
用@DataJpaTest 测试持久层
示例实体
@Entity @Table(name = "person") public class Employee { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private Long id; @Size(min = 3, max = 20) private String name; // standard getters and setters, constructors } |
持久库
@Repository public interface EmployeeRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee, Long> { public Employee findByName(String name); } |
单元测试示便
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @DataJpaTest public class EmployeeRepositoryTest { @Autowired private TestEntityManager entityManager; @Autowired private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository; // write test cases here } |
测试函数：
@Test public void whenFindByName_thenReturnEmployee() { // given Employee alex = new Employee("alex"); entityManager.persist(alex); entityManager.flush(); // when Employee found = employeeRepository.findByName(alex.getName()); // then assertThat(found.getName()) .isEqualTo(alex.getName()); } |
用@MockBean 测试服务层
示例服务层
@Service public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService { @Autowired private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository; @Override public Employee getEmployeeByName(String name) { return employeeRepository.findByName(name); } } |
测试用例：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) public class EmployeeServiceImplTest { @TestConfiguration static class EmployeeServiceImplTestContextConfiguration { @Bean public EmployeeService employeeService() { return new EmployeeServiceImpl(); } } @Autowired private EmployeeService employeeService; @MockBean private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository; // write test cases here } |
测试函数：
@Test public void whenValidName_thenEmployeeShouldBeFound() { String name = "alex"; Employee found = employeeService.getEmployeeByName(name); assertThat(found.getName()) .isEqualTo(name); } |
用@WebMvcTest 测试web层
web层示例
@RestController @RequestMapping("/api") public class EmployeeRestController { @Autowired private EmployeeService employeeService; @GetMapping("/employees") public List<Employee> getAllEmployees() { return employeeService.getAllEmployees(); } } |
测试用例：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @WebMvcTest(EmployeeRestController.class) public class EmployeeRestControllerTest { @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @MockBean private EmployeeService service; // write test cases here } |
测试函数：
@Test public void givenEmployees_whenGetEmployees_thenReturnJsonArray() throws Exception { Employee alex = new Employee("alex"); List<Employee> allEmployees = Arrays.asList(alex); given(service.getAllEmployees()).willReturn(allEmployees); mvc.perform(get("/api/employees") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(jsonPath("$", hasSize(1))) .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].name", is(alex.getName()))); } |
用@SpringBootTest进行集成测试
结论
在本教程中，我们深入介绍了Spring Boot中的测试支持，并展示了如何高效编写单元测试。
本文的完整源代码可以在GitHub上找到。源代码包含更多的示例和各种测试用例。
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