android的单元测试主要采用instrumentation,instrumentation是执行application instrumentation的基类,它具有启动能力,用于监控其他类的工具类。本博文在一个简单android demo开发应用上,使用instrumentation类完成单元测试。
android demo
MainActivity(具体代码见最后)
待测函数:
add():加法函数,不显示在ui上
sub():减法函数,不显示在ui上
changetextview():改变textview文字显示,通过监听button点击相应改变textview文本内容
multip():乘法函数,通过监听button点击相应,完成乘数和被乘数的获取,并将结果显示在ui控件上。
SampleTest(具体代码见最后)
代码简单说明:
类继承:
sampleTest继承InstrumentationTestCase,作为监控的具体实现的定制类
public class sampleTest extends InstrumentationTestCase {
private MainActivity sample = null;
启动被测应用/被测类:
sampleTest继承InstrumentationTestCase,可以使用getInstrumentation()函数获取Instrumentation对象,通过Instrumentation的startActivitySync()函数启动一个Activity,直到Activity启动后返,其中intent设置被启动的Activity
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClassName("com.example.jc.instrumentsample", MainActivity.class.getName());
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
sample = (MainActivity)getInstrumentation().startActivitySync(intent);
单元case的编写:
函数名:测试函数以test为key命名
函数逻辑:点击按钮,改变textview文本显示。具体细节:为了防止ui线程停顿/卡死,新建一个线程来完成测试行为,即PerFromClick(继承runnable),其中函数中的btn2.performClick函数为模拟ui上点击行为
验证:获取textview的文本,调用assertEquals来验证与期望是否一致
public void testActivity(){
Log.d("testActivity","testActivity");
SystemClock.sleep(1500);
getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(new PerFromClick(btn));
SystemClock.sleep(1500);
assertEquals("hello andriod",textView.getText().toString());
}
private class PerFromClick implements Runnable {
Button btn2;
public PerFromClick(Button button){
btn2 = button;
}
@Override
public void run() {
btn2.performClick();
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml配置:
额外配置:
uses-library:使用的libraray配置
instrumentation:申明测试包名,单元测试的方式
<uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
<instrumentation android:targetPackage="com.example.jc.instrumentsample" android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner" />
测试执行:
build工程后,在终端输入命令:
$ adb shell am instrument -w com.example.jc.instrumentsample/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner
com.example.jc.instrumentsample:包名
android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner:指明启动的单元测试类
运行结果:
执行命令后,会自动启动测试程序进行测试,测试结果会在终端显示。
单元测试一共执行了4个用例,其中3个失败(标红,失败的用力会有简单的log日志),1个通过(绿点,通过用例为点表示)
com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest: Failure in testActivity junit.framework.ComparisonFailure: expected:<[hello andrio]d> but was:<[this is my first androi]d> at com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest.testActivity(sampleTest.java:84) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runMethod(InstrumentationTestCase.java:214) at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runTest(InstrumentationTestCase.java:199) at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191) at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176) at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554) at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1701) Failure in testAdd: junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected:<3> but was:<2> at com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest.testAdd(sampleTest.java:102) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runMethod(InstrumentationTestCase.java:214) at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runTest(InstrumentationTestCase.java:199) at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191) at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176) at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554) at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1701) . Failure in testSub: junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: expected:<1> but was:<-1> at com.example.jc.instrumentsample.sampleTest.testSub(sampleTest.java:109) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runMethod(InstrumentationTestCase.java:214) at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.runTest(InstrumentationTestCase.java:199) at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191) at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176) at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554) at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1701) Test results for InstrumentationTestRunner=.F.F.. Time: 6.338 FAILURES!!! Tests run: 4, Failures: 3, Errors: 0 |