对于DBA来说，启动和关闭oracle监听器是很基础的任务，但是Linux系统管理员或者程序员有时也需要在开发数据库中做一些基本的DBA操作，因此了解一些基本的管理操作对他们来说很重要。

  本文将讨论用LSNRCTL命令启动、关闭和查看监听器的状态的方法。

怎样启动、关闭和重新启动oracle监听器

在启动、关闭或者重启oracle监听器之前确保使用lsnrctl status命令检查oracle监听器的状态。除了得到监听器的状态之外，你还可以从lsnrctl status命令的输出中得到如下的信息：

监听器的启动时间 
监听器的运行时间 
监听器参数文件listener.ora的位置，通常位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下 
监听器日志文件的位置 
如果oracle监听器没用运行，你将得到如下的信息

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$ lsnrctl status  

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:39  

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.  

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener  
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error  
TNS-00511: No listener  
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused  
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))  
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener  
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error  
TNS-00511: No listener  
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory 
$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:39

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory


如果oracle监听器正在运行，你将得到如下信息

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$ lsnrctl status  

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:02  

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.  

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
STATUS of the LISTENER  
————————  
Alias LISTENER  
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production  
Start Date 29-APR-2009 18:43:13  
Uptime 6 days 21 hr. 43 min. 49 sec  
Trace Level off  
Security ON: Local OS Authentication  
SNMP OFF  
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora  
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml  
Listening Endpoints Summary…  
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))  
Services Summary…  
Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s).  
Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…  
Service “devdb.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).  
Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…  
Service “devdbXDB.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).  
Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…  
Service “devdb_XPT.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).  
Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…  
The command completed successfully 
$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:02

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
Start Date 29-APR-2009 18:43:13
Uptime 6 days 21 hr. 43 min. 49 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
Services Summary…
Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “devdb.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “devdbXDB.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
Service “devdb_XPT.thegeekstuff.com” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully

2.启动oracle监听器

如果oracle监听器没用运行，你可以用lsnrctl start命令启动oracle监听器，该命令将启动所有的监听器，如果你只想启动特定的监听器，可以再start后面指定监听器的名字，例如：lsnrctl start [listener-name]。

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$ lsnrctl start  

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:42  

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.  

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…  

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production  
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora  
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml  
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))  

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
STATUS of the LISTENER  
————————  
Alias LISTENER  
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production  
Start Date 04-APR-2009 16:27:42  
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec  
Trace Level off  
Security ON: Local OS Authentication  
SNMP OFF  
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora  
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml  
Listening Endpoints Summary…  
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))  
Services Summary…  
Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s).  
Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…  
The command completed successfully 
$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait…

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
————————
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
Start Date 04-APR-2009 16:27:42
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary…
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
Services Summary…
Service “devdb” has 1 instance(s).
Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service…
The command completed successfully

3.关闭oracle监听器

如果oracle监听器正在运行，可以使用lsnrctl stop命令关闭oracle监听器，该命令将关闭所有的监听器，如果你只想关闭特定的监听器，可以再stop后面指定监听器的名字，例如：lsnrctl stop [listener-name]

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$ lsnrctl stop  

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:37  

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.  

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
The command completed successfully 
$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:37

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully

4.重启oracle监听器

用lsnrctl reload重启监听器，此命令可以代替lsnrctl stop和lsnrctl start。重启将会在不需要关闭和启动监听器的情况下读取listener.ora的配置。

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$ lsnrctl reload  

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 17:03:31  

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.  

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))  
The command completed successfully 
$ lsnrctl reload

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 17:03:31

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.2)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully

Oracle监听器帮助

1.查看所有的监听器命令

lsnrctl hep命令可以显示所有可用的监听器命令。在oracle11g中其输出如下：

start - Start the Oracle listener 
stop - Stop the Oracle listener 
status - Display the current status of the Oracle listener 
services - Retrieve the listener services information 
version - Display the oracle listener version information 
reload - This will reload the oracle listener SID and parameter files. This is equivalent to lsnrctl stop and lsnrctl start. 
save_config - This will save the current settings to the listener.ora file and also take a backup of the listener.ora file before overwriting it. If there are no changes, it will display the message “No changes to save for LISTENER” 
trace - Enable the tracing at the listener level. The available options are ‘trace OFF’, ‘trace USER’, ‘trace ADMIN’ or ‘trace SUPPORT’ 
spawn - Spawns a new with the program with the spawn_alias mentioned in the listener.ora file 
change_password - Set the new password to the oracle listener (or) change the existing listener password. 
show - Display log files and other relevant listener information. 
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$ lsnrctl help  

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:12:09  

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.  

The following operations are available  
An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:  

start stop status  
services version reload  
save_config trace spawn  
change_password quit exit  
set* show* 
$ lsnrctl help

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:12:09

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

The following operations are available
An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:

start stop status
services version reload
save_config trace spawn
change_password quit exit
set* show*

2.得到指定监听器命令的详细帮助信息

可以使用lsnrctl help得到指定的命令的详细帮助信息。如下所示

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$ lsnrctl help show  

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:22:28  

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.  

The following operations are available after show  
An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command:  

rawmode displaymode  
rules trc_file  
trc_directory trc_level  
log_file log_directory  
log_status current_listener  
inbound_connect_timeout startup_waittime  
snmp_visible save_config_on_stop  
dynamic_registration