网页自动测试 6. 细节的继续和完成

（要保持一个每天都写写的习惯还真的不是很容易）

细节的东西花费的时间是最长的。因为它最是繁琐。

我的selenium automation 包含的细节步骤如下：
1 录制：recording scrīpts
    这部分是利用selenium 的 IDE firefox plugin 完成的
2 修改录制的脚本。
    录制的脚本里面包含的都是固定的测试数据。自动化测试需要的是动态的数据。所以如果仅仅依靠录制的脚本是无法完成自动化测试的。
 2－1 录制的脚本样本如下：
       下面这段代码是用来改变用户的居住的城市的数据。

use strict; use warnings; use Time::HiRes qw(sleep); use Test::WWW::Selenium; use Test::More "no_plan"; use Test::Exception; my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium->new( host => "localhost",                                     port => 4444,                                     browser => "*firefox",                                     browser_url => "http://localhost:4444" ); $sel->open_ok(https://ipaserver.test.com/ipa/user/show?uid=a001); $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000"); $sel->click_ok("//input[\@value='Edit User']"); $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000"); $sel->type_ok("form_l", "San Francisco"); $sel->click_ok("document.form.submit[2]"); $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000"); $sel->is_text_present_ok("a001updated!"); $sel->is_text_present_ok("City:    San Francisco");

    可以看到这里面有很多需要改动的地方。以上红色的部分都是需要根据实际测试需要而临时变化。（1） 用户名，（2）(新）地址。
    除此之外，测试用户（a001）必须要先建立，然后才能进行这项测试，而在测试之后，这个测试用户也必须要删除，以免影响后续的测试。所以，一个完整的逻辑如下：

IPAutil::env_check($host, $port, $browser, $browser_url, $ldap_server, $base, $scope, $adminpw); prepare_data(); run_test($testdata); cleanup_data($testdata);

简单的说，任何单个完整的测试程序都需要包含这些基本元素：
＊ 设立测试环境
＊ 测试数据准备和建立
＊ 测试
＊ 测试数据清除和测试环境归原
上面这段脚本程序如果用手工，时间太长（完整的程序附后）所以我又写了另外一个程序去自动生成上面的脚本。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
下面是一个完整的测试程序

#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; use Time::HiRes qw(sleep); use Test::WWW::Selenium; use Test::More tests => 9; use Test::Exception; use Net::LDAP; use Net::LDAP::Util qw(ldap_error_text); use lib '/home/yi/workspace/ipawebgui/support'; use IPAutil; use IPADataStore; # global veriables our $configfile="test.conf"; our $testid=1038; our $testuid; our $testgid; our $testfulluid; our $testfullgid; our $testdata; our @datakeys=("form_l"); our $host; our $port; our $browser; our $browser_url; our $sel; our $ldap_server; our $base; our $scope; our $adminpw; our $ldap; our $ssh; our $ipaadmin; our $ipaadminpw; our $grpdesc; # read configruation file our $config=IPAutil::readconfig($configfile); $host=$config->{'host'}; $port=$config->{'port'}; $browser=$config->{'browser'}; $browser_url=$config->{'browser_url'}; $ldap_server=$config->{'ldap_server'}; $base=$config->{'base'}; $scope=$config->{'scope'}; $adminpw = $config->{'adminpw'}; $ldap = Net::LDAP->new($ldap_server)or die "ldap error: $@ \nsuggest: check your firewall";  my $result=$ldap->bind( "cn=directory manager", password => $adminpw, version => 3 );     # we might not need this block, but leave them here for now     # ldap bind need test before all test starts     if ( $result->code )     {         print " failed, error as below: ";         my $errstr = $result->code;         print "Error code:  $errstr\n";         $errstr = ldap_error_text($errstr);         print "$errstr\n";         exit 1;     }else{         print "bind as 'cn=directory manager' success\n";     } $ssh = "ssh root\@$host"; $ipaadmin = $config->{"ipaadmin"}; $ipaadminpw = $config->{"ipaadminpw"}; # Test starts here $testuid="seluser_".$testid; $testgid="selgrp_".$testid; $testfulluid="uid=sel_user_".$testid.",".$base; $testfullgid="cn=sel_grp_".$testid.",cn=groups,cn=accounts,".$base; $grpdesc = "automatic generated, gid=$testgid"; IPAutil::env_check($host, $port, $browser, $browser_url, $ldap_server, $base, $scope, $adminpw); prepare_data(); run_test($testdata); cleanup_data($testdata); #=========== sub ============= sub run_test {    # test case name (admin_edituser_city) from source (admin_edituser_city.pl)    # auto generated at 2008/5/26:10:37:52     $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium->new(host=>$host,port=>$port,browser=>$browser,browser_url=>$browser_url);     #$sel->open_ok(https://ipaserver.test.com/ipa/user/show?uid=a001);     $sel->open_ok("/ipa/user/show?uid=$testuid");     $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000");     $sel->click_ok("//input[\@value='Edit User']");     $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000");     $sel->type_ok("form_l", "$testdata->{'form_l'}");     $sel->click_ok("document.form.submit[2]");     $sel->wait_for_page_to_load_ok("30000");     $sel->is_text_present_ok("$testuid updated!");     $sel->is_text_present_ok("City: $testdata->{'form_l'}"); } #admin_edituser_city sub prepare_data{         kinit(); # this has to run before any selenium test starts                 $testdata = IPADataStore::construct_testdata($testid, @datakeys);              #IPAutil::ldap_adddummyuser($ldap, $testfulluid);         #IPAutil::ldap_adddummygroup($ldap, $testfullgid);                 IPAutil::ipa_createuser($ssh, $testuid);         #IPAutil::ipa_creategroup($ssh, $testgid, $grpdesc); } sub cleanup_data{         #IPADataStore::cleanup_testdata($testid, $testdata);         #IPAutil::ldap_delete($ldap, $testfulluid);         #IPAutil::ldap_delete($ldap, $testfullgid);                 IPAutil::ipa_deleteuser($ssh, $testuid);         #IPAutil::ipa_deletegroup($ssh, $testgid);         kdestroy(); } sub kinit{     my $kinitcmd = "$ssh \"echo $ipaadminpw | kinit $ipaadmin\"";     my $result = `$kinitcmd`;     if ($result =~/kinit/){         #error 1: kinit(v5): Cannot resolve network address for KDC in realm ...bla bla bla         #error 2: kinit(v5): Password incorrect while getting initial credentials         return 0;     }else{         my $klist = "$ssh klist";         my $init_result = `$klist`;         if ($init_result =~ /klist: No credentials cache found/){             return 0;         }else{             return 1;         }     }#if kinit success, then double confirm with klist }#kinit sub kdestroy{     my $kdestroycmd = "$ssh kdestroy";     my $result = `$kdestroycmd`; }#kdestroy