软件测试工程师面试英语 & my answer

   选自：水木
1.        What types of documents would you need for QA, QC, and Testing?

QA:Quality Assurance,为了确保软件开发过程和结果符合预期的结果，依照过程和计划采取的一系列活动及其结果评价。文档：

• 产品质量指标
• QA工作阶段报告
• 项目QA计划
• 用户手册验证报告
• 产品质量评估报告

QC:Quality Control,为了发现软件产品的错误而进行工作的过程。文档：

• 测试计划
• 测试需求
• 测试用例
• Bug记录
• 测试报告
• 测试脚本

2.        What did you include in a test plan?
3.        Describe any bug you remember.
4.        What is the purpose of the testing?

测试的目的就是发现软件中的各种缺陷

测试只能证明软件存在缺陷，不能证明软件不存在缺陷

测试可以使软件中缺陷降低到一定程度，而不是彻底消灭

以较少的用例、时间和人力找出软件中的各种错误和缺陷，以确保软件的质量

5.        What do you like (not like) in this job?
6.        What is quality assurance?

QA:Quality Assurance,为了确保软件开发过程和结果符合预期的结果，依照过程和计划采取的一系列活动及其结果评价。

目标：减少并纠正实际的软件开发

文档：

• 产品质量指标
• QA工作阶段报告
• 项目QA计划
• 用户手册验证报告
• 产品质量评估报告

7.        What is the difference between QA and testing?
8.        How do you scope, organize, and execute a test project?
9.        What is the role of QA in a development project?
10.        What is the role of QA in a company that produces software?
11.        Define quality for me as you understand it
12.        Describe to me the difference between validation and verification.

软件测试通常包括验证(verification)和确认(validation)：

验证指保证软件正确的实现了某一特定功能的一系列活动,软件实现的功能正不正确；

确认指的是保证软件的实现满足了用户需求的一系列活动，软件没有实现某项功能或软件实现的某项功能在需求中没有定义。

13.        Describe to me what you see as a process. Not a particular process, just the basics of having a process.
14.        Describe to me when you would consider employing a failure mode and effect analysis.
15.        Describe to me the Software Development Life Cycle as you would define it.
16.        What are the properties of a good requirement?
17.        How do you differentiate the roles of Quality Assurance Manager and Project Manager?
18.        Tell me about any quality efforts you have overseen or implemented. Describe some of the challenges you faced and how you overcame them.
19.        How do you deal with environments that are hostile to quality change efforts?
20.        In general, how do you see automation fitting into the overall process of testing?
21.        How do you promote the concept of phase containment and defect prevention?
22.        If you come onboard, give me a general idea of what your first overall tasks will be as far as starting a quality effort.
23.        What kinds of testing have you done?
24.        Have you ever created a test plan?
25.        Have you ever written test cases or did you just execute those written by others?
26.        What did your base your test cases?
27.        How do you determine what to test?
28.        How do you decide when you have ‘tested enough?’
29.        How do you test if you have minimal or no documentation about the product?
30.        Describe me to the basic elements you put in a defect report?
31.        How do you perform regression testing?
32.        At what stage of the life cycle does testing begin in your opinion?
33.        How do you analyze your test results? What metrics do you try to provide?
34.        Realising you won’t be able to test everything - how do you decide what to test first?
35.        Where do you get your expected results?
36.        If automating - what is your process for determining what to automate and in what order?
37.        In the past, I have been asked to verbally start mapping out a test plan for a common situation, such as an ATM. The interviewer might say, “Just thinking out loud, if you were tasked to test an ATM, what items might you test plan include?” These type questions are not meant to be answered conclusively, but it is a good way for the interviewer to see how you approach the task.
38.        If you’re given a program that will average student grades, what kinds of inputs would you use?
39.        Tell me about the best bug you ever found.
40.        What made you pick testing over another career?
41.        What is the exact difference between Integration & System testing, give me examples with your project.
42.        How did you go about testing a project?
43.        When should testing start in a project? Why?
44.        How do you go about testing a web application?
45.        Difference between Black & White box testing

黑盒测试

ü     又称功能测试或数据驱动测试，是针对软件的功能需求/实现进行测试

ü     通过测试来检测每个功能是否符合需求，不考虑程序内部的逻辑结构

ü     穷举输入测试

白盒测试

ü     白盒测试也称结构测试或逻辑驱动测试

ü     必须知道软件内部工作过程，通过测试来检测软件内部是否按照需求、设计正常运行

ü     通过逻辑覆盖、路径覆盖等方式选择测试用例，可以用测试覆盖率评价测试用例

46.        What is Configuration management? Tools used?
47.        What do you plan to become after say 2-5yrs (Ex: QA Manager, Why?)
48.        Would you like to work in a team or alone, why?
49.        Give me 5 strong & weak points of yours
50.        Why do you want to join our company?
51.        When should testing be stopped?
52.        What sort of things would you put down in a bug report?
53.        Who in the company is responsible for Quality?
54.        Who defines quality?
55.        What is an equivalence class?
56.        Is a “A fast database retrieval rate” a testable requirement?
57.        Should we test every possible combination/scenario for a program?
58.        What criteria do you use when determining when to automate a test or leave it manual?
59.        When do you start developing your automation tests?
60.        Discuss what test metrics you feel are important to publish an organization?
61.        In case anybody cares, here are the questions that I will be asking:
62.        Describe the role that QA plays in the software lifecycle.
63.        What should Development require of QA?
64.        What should QA require of Development?
65.        How would you define a “bug?”
66.        Give me an example of the best and worst experiences you’ve had with QA.
67.        How does unit testing play a role in the development/software lifecycle?
68.        Explain some techniques for developing software components with respect to testability.
69.        Describe a past experience with implementing a test harness in the development of software.
70.        Have you ever worked with QA in developing test tools? Explain the participation Development should have with QA in leveraging such test tools for QA use.
71.        Give me some examples of how you have participated in Integration Testing.
72.        How would you describe the involvement you have had with the bug-fix cycle between Development and QA?
73.        What is unit testing?

ü     完成对最小的软件设计单元—模块的验证工作

ü     目标是确保模块被正确地编码

ü     使用过程设计描述作为指南，对重要的控制路径进行测试以发现模块内的错误

ü     通常情况下是面向白盒的

ü     对代码风格和规则、程序设计和结构、业务逻辑等进行静态测试，及早地发现和解决不易显现的错误

74.        Describe your personal software development process.
75.        How do you know when your code has met specifications?
76.        How do you know your code has met specifications when there are no specifications?
77.        Describe your experiences with code analyzers.
78.        How do you feel about cyclomatic complexity?
79.        Who should test your code?
80.        How do you survive chaos?
81.        What processes/methodologies are you familiar with?
82.        What type of documents would you need for QA/QC/Testing?
83.        How can you use technology to solve problem?
84.        What type of metrics would you use?
85.        How to find that tools work well with your existing system?
86.        What automated tools are you familiar with?
87.        How well you work with a team?
88.        How would you ensure 100% coverage of testing?
89.        How would you build a test team?
90.        What problem you have right now or in the past? How you solved it?
91.        What will you do during the first day of job?
92.        What would you like to do five years from now?
93.        Tell me about the worst boss you’ve ever had.
94.        What are your greatest weaknesses?
95.        What are your strengths?
96.        What is a successful product?
97.        What do you like about Windows?
98.        What is good code?
99.        Who is Kent Beck, Dr Grace Hopper, Dennis Ritchie?
100.        What are basic, core, practises for a QA specialist?
101.        What do you like about QA?
102.        What has not worked well in your previous QA experience and what would you change?
103.        How you will begin to improve the QA process?
104.        What is the difference between QA and QC?
105.        What is UML and how to use it for testing?

Unified Moduling Language,统一建模语言

（未完）
106.        What is CMM and CMMI? What is the difference?

CMM(Capability Maturity Model)，英文直译的意思是“能力成熟度模型”。由卡内基.梅隆大学的软件工程协会(Software Engineering Institute, 简称SEI) 提出并完善，目的是通过一个合理的体系模型来对软件组织开发能力进行合理有效的评估，帮助软件组织在模型实施的过程中提高软件过程管理能力，降低软件系统开发风险，在预定的项目周期和预算内开发出高质量的软件产品。

1.1  CMMI――Capability Maturity Model Integration(集成能力成熟度模型)；

1.2  CMMI是由卡耐基梅隆大学软件工程学院（SEI）制定的；

1.3  CMMI集成了四个知识领域的应用：

•  Software Engineering  (软件工程)、
• System Engineering  (系统工程)、
• Integrated Product and Process Development（集成的产品与过程开发）、
• Supplier Sourcing  (外包开发)

引入CMMI主要使用在两个知识领域：Software Engineering  (软件工程)和System Engineering  (系统工程)

1.4  CMMI模型在表现方式上分为2种：分阶段表述和连续性表述，我们通常所说的CMMI的等级是指在分阶段表述下的成熟度等级（ML）。

107.        What do you like about computers?
108.        Do you have a favourite QA book? More than one? Which ones? And why.
109.        What is the responsibility of programmers vs QA?
110.        What are the properties of a good requirement?

(The answer to this question copied from Wonder)

1,主要流程是否描述清楚,是否有二义性,如“3个月以上”是否包括3个月,表现形式是否已经确定?

2,流程的分支结构以及分支处理情况是否考虑完全??

3,是否定义清楚与其他模块和产品的交互流程

4,是否考虑了新增功能点对原有功能的影响？

5,是否所有的系统输入已确定，包括其来源、准确性，取值范围和频率？9,所有的需求之间不互相冲突吗？

6,是否所有的系统输出已确定，包括其目的地、准确性，取值范围、频率和格式？

7,是否已确定所有的通信接口信息包括握手、错误检查、通讯协议、返回码的统一定义？

8,是否考虑了数据合法性校验的规定？

9,是否有说明系统非功能性外的其他要求??详细包括:操作系统支持??分辨率支持??其他软件版本(比如office,数据库)的支持??语言类别(简体,繁体,英文)的支持??

10,是否提供量化的性能指标14,是否有系统失败和成功的定义

11,每项需求都可测试吗？每项需求是否能够独立得到验证？

12,从用户观点来看，是否考虑了操作的易用性和可用性？

111.        Ho to do test if we have minimal or no documentation about the product?
112.        What are all the basic elements in a defect report?