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  • 利用敏捷开发思想实现测试时间评估

    2012-04-06 16:00:03

    引用至:http://www.songliner.com/archives/390.html


    估计测试工作量是 一个很重要的方面,因为它会关系到项目的成本预算,工作计划进度的安排,项目能否按时交付等。

    评估测试时间有很多方法,这里介绍一种简单的评估方法,它是我借鉴<<Scrum and XP >> 中文名<<硝烟中的Scrum和XP>>里面的估算Story方法而得来的。个人觉得它也适用于测试时间评估。具体如下:

    一、前提条件:

    1.尽可能多的人参与到评估中

    2.参与的每个人都有参与类似测试的经验

    3.参与人员必须要对被评估的测试内容要有一定的理解

    二、评估过程:

    1.每个人都得到如下图所示的13张卡片。

    2.每个人都选出一张卡片来表示他的时间估算,并把它正面朝下的扣在桌子上。

    3.所有人完成以后,桌上的纸牌会被同时揭开。这样每个人都会被迫进行自我思考,而不是依赖其他人估算的结果。

    4.如果两个估算之间存有巨大差异,团队就会就此进行讨论,并试图让大家达成共识。

    5.每个人都要对每个测试内容进行估算,而不是“他们自己负责”的部分工作。

    注意:这里的数字顺序不是线性的。例如在40和100之间就没有数字。为什么这样?

    这是因为,一旦时间的估算值比较大,其精确度就很难把握;这样做就可以避免人们对估算精确度产生错误的印象。如果一个测试内容的估算值是差不多20 个小时,它到底应该是20还是18还是21,其实无关紧要。我们知道的就是它是一个很大的任务,很难估算。所以20只是一个粗略估计。需要进行更精确的估算?那就把任务分拆,去估算那些更小的任务。另外,你也不能搞那种把5和2加起来得到7的把戏。要么选5,要么选8,没有7

    有些卡片比较特殊:

    0 = “这个任务已经完成了”或者“这个任务根本没啥东西,几分钟就能搞定”。

    ?= “我一点概念都没有。没想法。”

    咖啡杯 = “我太累了,先歇会吧。”

  • 个人网站

    2012-03-29 14:15:29

    建立个人网站

    http://www.songliner.com
  • feel

    2007-06-25 13:33:13

    life is a process of making mistakes and then benefit from it .
  • love

    2007-05-31 09:23:33

    You come to love not by finding the perfect person, but by seeing an imperfect person perfectly.
    爱一个人,并非因为你发现她完美,
    而是因为他的不完美在你的眼中很完美。---Sam Keen


    When love beckons you, follow him, though his ways are hard and steep. And when his wings enfold you, yield to him, though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you. And when he speaks to you, believe in him, though his voice may shatter your dreams as the north wind lays waste the garden.

    For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you. Even as he is for your growth so is he for your pruning. Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches that quiver in the sun, so shall he descend to your roots and shake them in their clinging to the earth.

    当爱挥手召唤你们时,跟随着它,尽管它的道路艰难而险峻。当它展翼拥抱你们时,依顺着它,尽管它羽翼中的利刃会伤害你们。当它对你们说话时,要相信它,尽管它的声音会击碎你的梦,像狂风尽扫园中的花。

    爱虽可为你们加冕,也能将你们钉上十字架。它虽可助你们成长,也能将你们削砍剪刈。它会攀至你们的高处,轻抚你们在阳光下颤动的最柔嫩的枝条,它会降至你们的根底,支援你们紧紧依附着大地的根须。

    But if, in your fear, you would seek only love's peace and love's pleasure, then it is better for you that you cover your nakedness and pass out of love's threshing-floor,into the seasonless world where you shall laugh, but not all of your laughter, and weep, but not all of your tears, love gives naughtbut itself and takes naught but from itself, love possesses not, nor would it be possessed, for love is sufficient unto love.

    Love has no other desire but to fulfill itself. But if you love and have desires, let these be your desires:
    To melt and be like a running brook that sings its melody to the night.
    To know the pain of too much understanding of love.
    And to Bleed willingly and joyfully.
    To wake at dawn with a winged heart and give thanks for another day of loving;
    To rest at the noon hour and meditate love's ecstasy;
    To return home at eventide with gratitude;
    And then to sleep with a prayer for the beloved in your heart.

    但是如果你们出于畏惧而去寻求爱的和平与爱的欢乐,那你们最好掩起自己的赤裸,离开的打谷场,踏入那没有季节的世界,在那里,你会开怀,但不是尽情欢笑,你会哭泣,但不是尽为泪水。爱除了自身别无所予,除了自身也别无所取。爱不占有,也不被占有;因为爱有了自己就足够了。
    爱别无他求,只求成全自己。但如果你爱了,又有所渴求,就让这些成为你的祈求吧:
    融化为一道貌岸然奔流的溪水,在夜晚吟唱自己的清曲。
    体会太多温柔带来的痛苦。
    被自己爱的体会所伤害。
    心甘情愿地滴血。
    清晨,带着一颗生翼的心醒来,感谢又一个充满爱的日子。
    午休,沉思爱的心醉神怡。
    黄昏,带着感激归家。
    睡前,为你心中的挚爱祈祷!


    文章出处:http://sl.iciba.com/html/2007/0521/21/272877_1.htm?random=117984
  • Element

    2007-05-23 17:29:31

    Habit is a terrible thing I think . It can eat you spirit gradually and  make you die and lose youself . Now I'm attacking by habit .Everyday , go to work from nine o'clock till half past fifteen . Stay in company for about an hour . then go back home for dinner .It cycles day by day . This just same as my work ----testing engineer . cycle to do  the same test steps from  one project to another .How can I change this status ? Does everyone have the same phase ? In fact , I'm a man that love to do the things with creative and meaningful . But a company  consists of  many elements including the one as me .That doesn't mean I want to express any depressing emotion .
  • oral english

    2007-05-14 13:16:46

    摘自《潇如风高级口语授课笔记》

    1.        You seem subdued. Are you all right? 你好像有点没精神。有什么心事吗?

    2.        No spells no. 我说不行就不行(没必要再讨论了)。

    3.        Don’t bulldoze me. 别逼我。

    4.        He got this zen look on his face. 他摆出一副无所谓的样子。

    5.        Their smiles were plastic. 他们的笑太假了。

    6.        He lacks personality. 他没有个性。

    7.        Roger! 收到!(OK,知道了)

    8.        I couldn’t find my bearings. 我有点找不着北。

    9.        I salivate over your beauty, sugar. 宝贝儿我对你的美色垂涎三尺。

    1.        Hey, that’s mine. Fork it over! 喂,那是我的。拿过来!

    2.        Don’t worry. I’m the soul of discretion. 放心吧。我嘴很严的(我不会跟别人说)。

    3.        He’s a computer buff. 他是计算机牛人。

    4.        He’s a scrooge. 他太抠门儿了。

    5.        We’ll have to eke it out. 我们得将就着点。(我们得撑过难关)

    6.        I didn’t just come into town on the turnip truck. 你以为我村儿里来的?(我没那么土)

    7.        He’s got a volatile temper. 他喜怒无常。

    8.        Savvy? 明白吗?

    9.        The heady days of my youth are gone. 我不像年轻时那么冲动了。

    1.        Fancy meeting you here!  Likewise. 见到你真高兴!我也是啊。

    2.        She’s got a new toy boy.  她又找了个小白脸。

    3.        They grate on me most. 我最讨厌这种人。

    4.        He must have gone loopy. 他脑子进水了。

    5.        He’s trying to muscle in. 他想干涉这件事。

    6.        I’ll have the world at my feet! 我要出人头地!

    7.        Well, thereby hangs a tale. 这说起来可话长了(幽默)

    8.        Crisis averted. 危机解除了。

    9.        They live in each other’s pocket. 他们俩如胶似膝。
  • Birthday

    2007-05-09 14:40:17

    Wednesday may ninth 2007 .It's fine outside . 
    Today is one of my high school classmates' birthday . She works in shanghai , but I in shenzhen .
    It's not near distance  from shenzhen to shanghai .So I can just send a message to her and send her a gift .
    It was the first time I order gift at network . All things to me is strange . Comply to the instruction ---One of my colleauge is a network shopping obsession , she gave me  many suggestions   , I apply a netbank account at first , and then I browse website to search gift I like . After filled all information in the order bill , I starte to use my netbank account , but to my disappointed. However I operate according to the tutorial  , the PC still show me "Operation fail" . Faint , Finally , I had to go to bank to transfer the bill .
    In my first opinion , I should have thought the netbank was a very convenient way for paying  . Fortunately , I have gotten  the gift at last , and it willsend to my classmate on time . 
     Happy birthday to her , and hope her have a good day today .
  • should it matter

    2007-05-08 14:32:28

    These days  I listern  to a song ----should it matter  repeatedly . That's  positively a dainty song  and it just fit for my mood now . 
    Yesterday was the last day our manager in our company . I have work with him since  march 2005 . and now I was the oldest employeer in RD department .He is a very nice man . All of us recognized him as ourselives' brother . Last week after the final dinner , we played aircraft together in office all the night long . For any reasons we join the same company . For any reasons we depart  . But should it matter ? I don't think i should leave right now or stay in this company forever . What i do or what i have done is just the most important .Maybe one day in  future , maybe then , We could see what we should do .
    At last , strongly recommend the song " should it matter "
  • New words

    2007-05-08 09:39:51

    learn two useful words "obsession" and "positive"

  • as title

    2007-04-30 12:29:45

    it's not a simple day today !!!

  • 强调句

    2007-01-02 12:33:59

    常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
      It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。


      此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。
       It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
       It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.


        典型例题
        1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
        A. the time B. when  C. that  D. which
      答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 "who",其余用that。


     原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
     强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
     强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
     强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
     强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

        2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
        A. that B. when  C. since  D. as
      答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It  be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
      It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is<---> has been  was <---> had been.

  • 感叹句

    2007-01-02 12:31:25

    感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
      what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
      掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。

    How +形容词+ a +名词+       陈述语序   
    How+形容词或副词+         陈述语序来源:www.examda.com
    What +名词+            陈述语序来源:www.examda.com
    What+a+形容词+名词+        陈述语序
    What+ 形容词+复数名词+       陈述语序
    What+ 形容词+不可数名词+      陈述语序

    How clever a boy he is!
    How lovely the baby is!
    What noise they are making!
    What a clever boy he is!
    What wonderful ideas (we have)!
    What cold weather it is!
    感叹句的省略形式为:
    What a clever boy (he is)!

    典型例题
    1)___ food you've cooked!
        A. How a nice  B. What a nice  C. How nice  D. What nice
     答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)

    2)___terrible weather we've been having these days! 
        A. What  B. What a  C. How  D. How a 
     答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

    3) --- _____ I had!
      --- You really suffered a lot.
        A. What a time  B. What time   C. How a time   D. how time来源:www.examda.com
     答案A. 感叹句分两类:
         1:What + n.+主谓部分 来源:www.examda.com
         2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

  • 反意疑问句

    2006-12-30 17:31:38

    1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
      I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
    2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
      I wish to have a word with you, may I?
    3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
      The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
      Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
    4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
      He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
    5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
      We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
    6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
      He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
    7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
      You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
    8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
      He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
    9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
      You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
    10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
      He must be a doctor, isn't he?
      You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
      He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
    11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
      What colours, aren't they?
      What a smell, isn't it?
    12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
    Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
    13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
      Everything is ready, isn't it?

    14)  陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
     a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
      Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
     b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
      He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
      He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
     c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
      I don't think he is bright, is he?
      We believe she can do it better, can't she?

    15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
      Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
      Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

    16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
      We need not do it again, need we ?
      He dare not say so, dare you?
      当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
      She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
    17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
      Don't do that again, will you?
      Go with me, will you / won't you ?
    注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
      Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
      Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
      Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

    18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
      There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
      There will not be any trouble, will there?

    19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
      It is impossible, isn't it?
      He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

    20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
      He must be there now, isn't he?
      It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?


            快速记忆表
    陈述部分的谓语      疑问部分          
         I          aren't I        
        Wish         may +主语          
    no,nothing,nobody,never,  
    few, seldom, hardly,     肯定含义
    rarely, little等否定
    含义的词                       
    ought to(肯定的)    shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语  
    have to+v.(had to+v.)  don't +主语(didn't +主语)  
    used to        didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语  
    had better + v.     hadn't you         
    would rather + v.    wouldn't +主语       
    you'd like to + v.    wouldn't +主语       
    must           根据实际情况而定      
    感叹句中         be +主语          
    Neither…nor,
    either…or 连接的根   据其实际逻辑意义而定
    并列主语                       
    指示代词或不定代词
    everything,that,      主语用it
    nothing,this                      
    并列复合句       谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定  
    定语从句,宾语从句的
    主从复合句       根据主句的谓语而定      
    think,believe,expect,
    suppose,imagine等引导  与宾语从句相对应的从句    
    everybody,anyone,
    somebody,nobody,no one  复数they, 单数he      
    情态动词dare或need    need (dare ) +主语
    dare, need 为实义动词     do +主语        
    省去主语的祈使句     will you?
    Let's 开头的祈使句    Shall we?
    Let us 开头的祈使句   Will you?          
    there be   相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)  
    否定前缀不能视为否定词    仍用否定形式      
    must表"推测"   根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句  

  • First One

    2006-12-30 09:42:49

    This is the first track in my 51testing space .
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