Httpclient解决UTF-8的问题
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下一篇 2014-06-19 15:14:29
/ 个人分类：接口测试
Apache HttpClient ( http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient/ ) 是一个纯 Java 的HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包, 对 HTTP 协议的支持相当全面, 更多细节也可以参考IBM 网站上的这篇文章 HttpClient入门 (http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-httpclient/ ).问题分析不过在实际使用中, 还是发现按照最基本的方式调用 HttpClient 时, 并不支持 UTF-8 编码, 在网络上找过一些文章, 也不得要领, 于是查看了 commons-httpclient-3.0.1 的一些代码, 首先在 PostMethod 中找到了 generateRequestEntity() 方法: /**
* Generates a request entity from the post parameters, if present. Calls
* {@link EntityEnclosingMethod#generateRequestBody()} if parameters have not been set.
*
* @since 3.0
*/
protected RequestEntity generateRequestEntity() {
if (!this.params.isEmpty()) {
// Use a ByteArrayRequestEntity instead of a StringRequestEntity.
// This is to avoid potential encoding issues. Form. url encoded strings
// are ASCII by definition but the content type may not be. Treating the content
// as bytes allows us to keep the current charset without worrying about how
// this charset will effect the encoding of the form. url encoded string.
String content = EncodingUtil.formUrlEncode(getParameters(), getRequestCharSet());
ByteArrayRequestEntity entity = new ByteArrayRequestEntity(
EncodingUtil.getAsciiBytes(content),
FORM_URL_ENCODED_CONTENT_TYPE
);
return entity;
} else {
return super.generateRequestEntity();
}
} |
原来使用 NameValuePair 加入的 HTTP 请求的参数最终都会转化为 RequestEntity 提交到 HTTP 服务器, 接着在 PostMethod 的父类 EntityEnclosingMethod 中找到了如下的代码: /**
* Returns the request's charset. The charset is parsed from the request entity's
* content type, unless the content type header has been set manually.
*
* @see RequestEntity#getContentType()
*
* @since 3.0
*/
public String getRequestCharSet() {
if (getRequestHeader("Content-Type") == null) {
// check the content type from request entity
// We can't call getRequestEntity() since it will probably call
// this method.
if (this.requestEntity != null) {
return getContentCharSet(
new Header("Content-Type", requestEntity.getContentType()));
} else {
return super.getRequestCharSet();
}
} else {
return super.getRequestCharSet();
}
} |
解决方案从上面两段代码可以看出是 HttpClient 是如何依据 "Content-Type" 获得请求的编码(字符集), 而这个编码又是如何应用到提交内容的编码过程中去的. 按照这个原来, 其实我们只需要重载 getRequestCharSet() 方法, 返回我们需要的编码(字符集)名称, 就可以解决 UTF-8 或者其它非默认编码提交 POST 请求时的乱码问题了.测试首先在 Tomcat 的 ROOT WebApp 下部署一个页面 test.jsp, 作为测试页面, 主要代码片段如下:<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"%>
<%@ page session="false" %>
<%
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String val = request.getParameter("TEXT");
System.out.println(">>>> The result is " + val);
%> |
接着写一个测试类, 主要代码如下: public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/test.jsp";
PostMethod postMethod = new UTF8PostMethod(url);
//填入各个表单域的值
NameValuePair[] data = {
new NameValuePair("TEXT", "中文"),
};
//将表单的值放入postMethod中
postMethod.setRequestBody(data);
//执行postMethod
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
}
//Inner class for UTF-8 support
public static class UTF8PostMethod extends PostMethod{
public UTF8PostMethod(String url){
super(url);
}
@Override
public String getRequestCharSet() {
//return super.getRequestCharSet();
return "UTF-8";
}
} |
运行这个测试程序, 在 Tomcat 的后台输出中可以正确打印出 ">>>> The result is 中文" .
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