Linux多线程编程-2

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 2)条件变量(cond)51Testing软件测试网)I]!v\0S~2? p*?4Z

  利用线程间共享的全局变量进行同步的一种机制。51Testing软件测试网+t eDI f0wR*Sqtx

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int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_condattr_t *cond_attr);    51Testing软件测试网i5css |8G{-eG
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
)v.P HM/V6[HNs0int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond,pthread_mutex_t *mutex,const timespec *abstime);51Testing软件测试网*o7NVCD*ZL
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond); 
*j"V-n-T@J0int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond);51Testing软件测试网sy%?ZIt})H
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond);  //解除所有线程的阻塞
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  (1)初始化. init()或者pthread_cond_t cond=PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIER;属性置为NULL51Testing软件测试网Q7R,T0X1Hk5zA"D:p'd

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  (2)等待条件成立. pthread_cond_wait,pthread_cond_timedwait.51Testing软件测试网^:xSb L2r?&G

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  wait()释放锁,并阻塞等待条件变量为真

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4YJX2H,w-Et"_:_m0  timedwait()设置等待时间,仍未signal,返回ETIMEOUT(加锁保证只有一个线程wait)

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-Ml nYH{x0  (3)激活条件变量:pthread_cond_signal,pthread_cond_broadcast(激活所有等待线程)51Testing软件测试网 f_m.`:R)Tz+e

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  (4)清除条件变量:destroy; 无线程等待,否则返回EBUSY

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o_Ic0PoOx0  int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
Q]O.H&h3B{0  int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const struct timespec *abstime);

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  一定要在mutex的锁定区域内使用。

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.lM*T ~v$w0  调用 pthread_cond_signal() 释放被条件阻塞的线程时,如果没有任何线程基于条件变量阻塞,则调用pthread_cond_signal()不起作用。而对于 Windows,当调用 SetEvent 触发 Auto-reset 的 Event 条件时,如果没有被条件阻塞的线程,那么此函数仍然起作用,条件变量会处于触发状态。51Testing软件测试网 tD:eW)J

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  使用条件变量实现“生产者消费者问题”:51Testing软件测试网Es#P~"J G5D*c8w

51Testing软件测试网4W)m orOse.|,h

51Testing软件测试网~C Dag\5cM

O J8c)IH y6Dv[ p0#include<stdio.h>
%~U%UOef0#include<stdlib.h>
`X isK [-[0#include<time.h>
Z2C#}4yC%{\&@@0#include"pthread.h"

u[#A8pj5e!Cv+@8p051Testing软件测试网.|^xRV+t9W+X

#define BUFFER_SIZE 1651Testing软件测试网 ~Xo#};bLD3g

E&Zc,k!G}%EjV0struct prodcons51Testing软件测试网.IV9oS%V;k}K c
{
V[5t7K7a_ p+na0       int buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];51Testing软件测试网 }"o V?uu,y
       pthread_mutex_t lock;  //mutex ensuring exclusive access to buffer
&`sAW f#_0       int readpos,writepos;  //position for reading and writing51Testing软件测试网;^f8[vy9O:ip
       pthread_cond_t notempty;  //signal when buffer is not empty51Testing软件测试网$Qw$oYH a _OG
       pthread_cond_t notfull;  //signal when buffer is not full51Testing软件测试网6s]PJ c9B&IWS
};

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"Z+D{s|"l#b-{F4L0//initialize a buffer51Testing软件测试网@nDb2q
void init(struct prodcons* b)
D.y;E4V%R` mh0{51Testing软件测试网E(qe\S `0~ n
     pthread_mutex_init(&b->lock,NULL);
~}!z1C3@Oa7`0     pthread_cond_init(&b->notempty,NULL);51Testing软件测试网*_9L*zLW3v jcO
     pthread_cond_init(&b->notfull,NULL);51Testing软件测试网?!Y~2x!R
     b->readpos=0;51Testing软件测试网:ZZ)x4YXFq? n
     b->writepos=0;
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)M0s \j,lT"D3l,T{}+F051Testing软件测试网&EuH)lx};|

//store an integer in the buffer51Testing软件测试网X.DV-\,Kg
void put(struct prodcons* b, int data)
$x6QA8`*@t DK0{51Testing软件测试网np*R0SN(Wq;X4D
     pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);51Testing软件测试网R$NT]aq*e,i)?!B
     //wait until buffer is not full51Testing软件测试网3W-WAjc:{p]+]l
     while((b->writepos+1)%BUFFER_SIZE==b->readpos)
_[Zrl'Ea,E `)Z p0     {
6p"a k)x%kq0        printf("wait for not full\n");
u@G L;rLR6c0        pthread_cond_wait(&b->notfull,&b->lock);51Testing软件测试网0v zl q6j#u@]+m
     }    51Testing软件测试网;m'X"l3i:h
    51Testing软件测试网 ~I8pC]Pi9_Z
     b->buffer[b->writepos]=data;51Testing软件测试网W2wFyI_![
     b->writepos++;51Testing软件测试网w)nd5@ [O X
     pthread_cond_signal(&b->notempty); //signal buffer is not empty51Testing软件测试网 Lma~0\E5]] F6M
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
*KAR6Ci0lg'o%T0}
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//read and remove an integer from the buffer
1v$YS'l5l!QO0int get(struct prodcons* b)51Testing软件测试网}{6k4T]8U9xV
{51Testing软件测试网3ui9[N _0k)i [d
     int data;
jvvl m f0     pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);
/s-x|qz*l3b0     //wait until buffer is not empty51Testing软件测试网+S+E'u1[,\[%R5b&]?
     while(b->writepos==b->readpos)51Testing软件测试网 f&w!A8uZ"?;Q8[
     {51Testing软件测试网mj$p+tK!y5@I
        printf("wait for not empty\n");51Testing软件测试网 e#a1@0@8`2A(]&\`
        pthread_cond_wait(&b->notempty,&b->lock);
W,?O#T5FOWf w0     }    51Testing软件测试网&V_O4g"W"J
    
m%jjyaij0V0     data=b->buffer[b->readpos];
@G@vxc0     b->readpos++;
?8l"V i&u%jo0     if(b->readpos>=BUFFER_SIZE) b->readpos=0;51Testing软件测试网VQ#e Nk'E
     pthread_cond_signal(&b->notfull);  //signal buffer is not full
5AXX5s%yQ0     pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
W])k;F|Bk4@ z0     return data;
v4Ig6W%aH#L8C0}

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:gd\-f z@C\$k0#define OVER -151Testing软件测试网T*E,a6H$M/] pB`K

k6b7nYg#yt+{O Y0struct prodcons buffer;51Testing软件测试网6fns4RcNBrj

Ev&GHD%h:|f"[0void * producer(void * data)
?N;P;^+oW#Z r~0{51Testing软件测试网KL)?8La
     int n;51Testing软件测试网F&B9q3U$wo S*v
     for(n=0;n<1000;++n)
$M w1p3J;^+a0     {51Testing软件测试网E$P,d8Yp m1bZi
       printf("put-->%d\n",n);
0T*G^Yy-Uf!_*[.a*y$E0       put(&buffer,n);51Testing软件测试网/Na2? [w"o
     }
%ia/}!R^0     put(&buffer,OVER);51Testing软件测试网z:Rx;{;Jv*l
     printf("producer stopped\n");51Testing软件测试网SOnBGg]#E
     return NULL;
8r q4q RM0}
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51Testing软件测试网i(dNg(e~;~'Q

void * consumer(void * data)51Testing软件测试网&l9XBS:Z'z7^#h
{
j$i"bcY)S$pL7{;k:~0     int n;51Testing软件测试网6H&zQ#UG4e"We
     while(1)
!C1?;{Nm4\1r0     {51Testing软件测试网b.O I$ehEz}
       int d=get(&buffer);
`?&y)J%LB\0       if(d==OVER) break;51Testing软件测试网n2U#i`~"p
       printf("%d-->get\n",d);51Testing软件测试网:JRg/C;qO8Q
     }51Testing软件测试网[ipxf7q
     printf("consumer stopped\n");
wx0V/S}?7_0     return NULL;51Testing软件测试网 ^;h)Ri4}2Xn#Q
}
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int main()51Testing软件测试网piW p ] [3R
{
t-F}0Ih3jO0    pthread_t tha,thb;51Testing软件测试网QuJ9j,D4m
    void * retval;
8Nvg Z3R x2C0   51Testing软件测试网4T/L[ D#LEc#UI
    init(&buffer);51Testing软件测试网Tp_ZV oj ]#K
    pthread_creare(&tha,NULL,producer,0);
5[S!HFu0    pthread_creare(&thb,NULL,consumer,0);51Testing软件测试网V7]uV:`|,t
   51Testing软件测试网g*b7DOUM N(aB
    pthread_join(tha,&retval);
i(ov6qov4e"C0    pthread_join(thb,&retval);51Testing软件测试网z \A,\G0^
   
4|$]#P5F H0    return 0;
;Yhh0~'~[o0}
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  PS:如果遇到如下问题:加个编译条件'-pthread'51Testing软件测试网 c w)@#s,H)Z3Qz

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  prodcons.c:(.text+0x2ab): undefined reference to `pthread_create'51Testing软件测试网:nk]2E/KHgd
  prodcons.c:(.text+0x2bd): undefined reference to `pthread_join'
51Testing软件测试网DQE}Oo

51Testing软件测试网4H'`\E:p

  3)信号量51Testing软件测试网$]K5u;t0lc {!y

i2Bj:`;M/i)H QX[0  如同进程一样,线程也可以通过信号量来实现通信,虽然是轻量级的。

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G'u)~ [ F vO0  信号量函数的名字都以"sem_"打头。线程使用的基本信号量函数有四个。

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]k']G |$Yp0  #include <semaphore.h>51Testing软件测试网:wA!l `|pY m

+NRDu sV0  int sem_init(sem_t *sem , int pshared, unsigned int value);

"M+t]&H!p-U051Testing软件测试网Db-A-L0h'Yvx-}D

  这是对由sem指定的信号量进行初始化,设置好它的共享选项(linux只支持为0,即表示它是当前进程的局部信号量),然后给它一个初始值VALUE。51Testing软件测试网ko,w!k'_:t;z/]

51Testing软件测试网Nr1@-BY4Mm z0x

  两个原子操作函数:

9@}l,u!UTH^kb~051Testing软件测试网:G6~9qS}\.~pe1f

  int sem_wait(sem_t *sem);

j&vI/w9r`051Testing软件测试网 I)z jNb4Y;w.g:@o

  int sem_post(sem_t *sem);51Testing软件测试网\H Y5A9_v

.R.|5Jz'u1bc1^0  这两个函数都要用一个由sem_init调用初始化的信号量对象的指针做参数。51Testing软件测试网4oxXW^EX1{6P

51Testing软件测试网#E$_3b&d}kik

  sem_post:给信号量的值加1;51Testing软件测试网:U C/y!n@j+D[

!~(BtEbo0  sem_wait:给信号量减1;对一个值为0的信号量调用sem_wait,这个函数将会等待直到有其它线程使它不再是0为止。

b*? f(b1x)[Q051Testing软件测试网%Lc]6wU;O"yg6in

  int sem_destroy(sem_t *sem);51Testing软件测试网7mt,`7v`#a\S7z+|

51Testing软件测试网3BkrM~,r tZ

  这个函数的作用是再我们用完信号量后都它进行清理。归还自己占有的一切资源。

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/ZLw`t W/vF0  用信号量的方法实现生产者消费者51Testing软件测试网,DHQ Kp]X{8A6C

*N AX:i*EM|0  这里使用4个信号量,其中两个信号量occupied和empty分别用于解决生产者和消费者线程之间的同步问题,pmut和cmut是用于这 两个线程之间的互斥问题。其中empty初始化为N(有界缓区的空间元数),occupied初始化为0,pmut和cmut初始化为1。51Testing软件测试网/}b%_Su1bw(j

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Thg5m b'z0typedef struct51Testing软件测试网5y6W?Tn
{51Testing软件测试网+yQc S,E6@ j6]f
 char buf[BSIZE];51Testing软件测试网,Ej|Kp:dL*@]
 sem_t occupied;51Testing软件测试网(K8I)K-UDn(|{&jO4T#ho*}
 sem_t empty;
:h:G&H3E`7u}Sl/F0 int nextin;
sM(A)K2AT]B0 int nextout;51Testing软件测试网&Cg7dsv;g4x_
 sem_t pmut;
k ].G,ah/Z0 sem_t cmut;51Testing软件测试网D }X BcH9ESJ;}
}buffer_t;
51Testing软件测试网+\V'u3E1b]y

5W6t'[tZ0buffer_t buffer;51Testing软件测试网5fo#h]:E

Q~[%|l/a0void init(buffer_t buffer)
MA~jn0{
#U8oYB/Q9~s}r0 sem_init(&buffer.occupied, 0, 0);51Testing软件测试网y&pK1v;CAV {M
 sem_init(&buffer.empty,0, BSIZE);
.Ym/u.Od0?uu+\h0 sem_init(&buffer.pmut, 0, 1);
#EK/@E'Fgn0 sem_init(&buffer.cmut, 0, 1);
/o*f]F"M%tX6vw0 buffer.nextin = buffer.nextout = 0;
C#v;C$Z,? t0}

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] yr;R1Et#R)z0void producer(buffer_t *b, char item)51Testing软件测试网UM4Z-g S1A/`
{
/Iv ~/? ~6Ed}|e'kU0 sem_wait(&b->empty);
x `$@3~X$Q1F#}0 sem_wait(&b->pmut);51Testing软件测试网X!p9B fy3Ndn
 b->buf[b->nextin] = item;51Testing软件测试网6I9U%L/zg~7d-f
 b->nextin++;51Testing软件测试网/?5Yq+]x
 b->nextin %= BSIZE;51Testing软件测试网6~5H\_"X
 sem_post(&b->pmut);51Testing软件测试网p*L)d'j2G {:{{ I-`
 sem_post(&b->occupied);51Testing软件测试网ar*X&@b9L([W.|5[L
}
51Testing软件测试网'S7s[:ZV`

F X](BXO+HV0char consumer(buffer_t *b)51Testing软件测试网C*ry q{
{51Testing软件测试网:K-Q jZ)L"mYb
 char item;51Testing软件测试网;g6Z5]_|A
 sem_wait(&b->occupied);51Testing软件测试网tS%E/t9lP.a
 sem_wait(&b->cmut);
j]:l4Or@-w_0 item = b->buf[b->nextout];51Testing软件测试网6flf4X&t5e HkD
 b->nextout++;
zB7cKZm4u/B9f0 b->nextout %= BSIZE;51Testing软件测试网4G tH7Zx8h:w@qY?z
 sem_post(&b->cmut);
6aQrL4Bp7F a*X0 sem_post(&b->empty);51Testing软件测试网+w;D?%R9E||
 return(item);
Lq,q'S q*tQ0}

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