(官方网站：http://ant.apache.org/)
Apache Ant is a Java-based build tool. In theory, it is kind of like Make, but without Make's wrinkles.
Why another build tool when there is already make, gnumake, nmake, jam, and others? Because all those tools have limitations that Ant's original author couldn't live with when developing software across multiple platforms. Make-like tools are inherently shell-based -- they evaluate a set of dependencies, then execute commands not unlike what you would issue in a shell. This means that you can easily extend these tools by using or writing any program for the OS that you are working on. However, this also means that you limit yourself to the OS, or at least the OS type such as Unix, that you are working on.
Makefiles are inherently evil as well. Anybody who has worked on them for any time has run into the dreaded tab problem. "Is my command not executing because I have a space in front of my tab!!!" said the original author of Ant way too many times. Tools like Jam took care of this to a great degree, but still have yet another format to use and remember.
Ant is different. Instead of a model where it is extended with shell-based commands, Ant is extended using Java classes. Instead of writing shell commands, the configuration files are XML-based, calling out a target tree where various tasks get executed. Each task is run by an object that implements a particular Task interface.
Granted, this removes some of the expressive power that is inherent by being able to construct a shell command such as `find . -name foo -exec rm {}`, but it gives you the ability to be cross platform. -- to work anywhere and everywhere. And hey, if you really need to execute a shell command, Ant has an <exec> task that allows different commands to be executed based on the OS that it is executing on.
Ant是一种基于Java的build工具。理论上来说，它有些类似于（Unix）C中的make ，但没有make的缺陷。 既然我们已经有了make, gnumake, nmake, jam以及其他的build工具为什么还要要一种新的build工具呢？因为Ant的原作者在多种(硬件)平台上开发软件时，无法忍受这些工具的限制和不 便。类似于make的工具本质上是基于shell（语言）的：他们计算依赖关系，然后执行命令（这些命令与你在命令行敲的命令没太大区别）。这就意味着你 可以很容易地通过使用OS特有的或编写新的（命令）程序扩展该工具；然而，这也意味着你将自己限制在了特定的OS，或特定的OS类型上，如 Ｕnix。
Makefile有一些不足之处，比如很多人都会碰到的烦人的Tab问题。最初的Ant开发者多次强调”只是我在Tab前面加了一个空格，所以我的命令就不能执行”。有一些工具在一定程度上解决了这个问题，但还是有很多其他的问题。
Ant则与一般基于命令的工具有所不同，它是Java类的扩展。Ant运行需要的XML格式的文件不是Shell命令文件。它是由一个Project组成的，而一个Project又可分成可多target，target再细分又分成很多task，每一个task都是通过一个实现特定接口的java类来完成的。
