http接口自动化测试框架实现

一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值

输出：XML文件

eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1

二、实现方法

1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。

3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可

4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可

5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）

6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）

三、Excel表格样式

四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）

1、测试框架代码

#**************************************************************** # TestFrame.py # Author : Vince # Version : 1.1.2 # Date : 2011-3-14 # Description: 自动化测试平台 #**************************************************************** import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time from xml2dict import XML2Dict import win32com.client from win32com.client import Dispatch import xml.etree.ElementTree as et #import MySQLdb #Excel表格中测试结果底色 OK_COLOR=0xffffff NG_COLOR=0xff #NT_COLOR=0xffff NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0 #Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置 TESTTIME=[1, 14] TESTRESULT=[2, 14] #Excel模版设置 #self.titleindex=3 #Excel中测试用例标题行索引 #self.casebegin =4 #Excel中测试用例开始行索引 #self.argbegin =3 #Excel中参数开始列索引 #self.argcount =8 #Excel中支持的参数个数 class create_excel: def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8): self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application') #MS:Excel WPS:et try: self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile) except: print_error_info() print "打开文件失败" exit() self.file=sFile self.titleindex=dtitleindex self.casebegin=dcasebegin self.argbegin=dargbegin self.argcount=dargcount self.allresult=[] self.retCol=self.argbegin+self.argcount self.xmlCol=self.retCol+1 self.resultCol=self.xmlCol+1 def close(self): #self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0) self.book.Save() self.book.Close() #self.xlApp.Quit() del self.xlApp def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol): try: sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value) except: self.close() print('读取数据失败') exit() #去除'.0' if sValue[-2:]=='.0': sValue = sValue[0:-2] return sValue def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR): try: sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8") sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color self.book.Save() except: self.close() print('写入数据失败') exit() #获取用例个数 def get_ncase(self, iSheet): try: return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1 except: self.close() print('获取Case个数失败') exit() def get_nrows(self, iSheet): try: sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count except: self.close() print('获取nrows失败') exit() def get_ncols(self, iSheet): try: sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet) return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count except: self.close() print('获取ncols失败') exit() def del_testrecord(self, suiteid): try: #为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来 nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1 ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1 begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount #提升性能 sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid) for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows): for col in range(begincol, ncols): str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col) #清除实际结果[] startpos = str.find('[') if startpos>0: str = str[0:startpos].strip() self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR) else: #提升性能 sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR #清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', OK_COLOR) self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultCol, 'NT', NT_COLOR) except: self.close() print('清除数据失败') exit() #执行调用 def HTTPInvoke(IPPort, url): conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort) conn.request("GET", url) rsps = conn.getresponse() data = rsps.read() conn.close() return data #获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]] def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID): caseinfolist=[] sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2) argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2)) #获取参数名存入ArgNameList ArgNameList=[] for i in range(0, argcount): ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i)) caseinfolist.append(sInterface) caseinfolist.append(argcount) caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList) return caseinfolist #获取输入 def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist): sArge='' #参数组合 for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]): if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None": sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&' #去掉结尾的&字符 if sArge[-1:]=='&': sArge = sArge[0:-1] sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge #组合全部参数 return sInput #结果判断 def assert_result(sReal, sExpect): sReal=str(sReal) sExpect=str(sExpect) if sReal==sExpect: return 'OK' else: return 'NG' #将测试结果写入文件 def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result): if len(result)>1: ret='OK' for i in range(0, len(result)): if result[i]=='NG': ret='NG' break if ret=='NG': Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR) else: Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR) Data.allresult.append(ret) else: if result[0]=='NG': Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR) elif result[0]=='OK': Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR) else: #NT Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR) Data.allresult.append(result[0]) #将当前结果立即打印 print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1] #打印测试结果 def statisticresult(excelobj): allresultlist=excelobj.allresult count=[0, 0, 0] for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)): #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i] count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2]) print 'Statistic result as follow:' print 'OK:', count[0] print 'NG:', count[1] print 'NT:', count[2] #解析XmlString返回Dict def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string): xml = XML2Dict() return xml.fromstring(xml_string) #解析XmlFile返回Dict def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file): xml = XML2Dict() return xml.parse(xml_file) #去除历史数据expect[real] def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str): startpos = str.find('[') if startpos>0: str = str[0:startpos].strip() excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR) return str #检查每个item （非结构体） def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol): ret='OK' for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)): real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value'] expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid) #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real] #将return NG result=assert_result(real, expect) if result=='NG': writestr=expect+'['+real+']' excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR) ret='NG' return ret #检查结构体类型 def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount): ret='OK' if structcount>1: #传入的是List for structid in range(0, structcount): structdict=real_struct_dict[structid] temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist)) if temp=='NG': ret='NG' else: #传入的是Dict temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin) if temp=='NG': ret='NG' return ret #获取异常函数及行号 def print_error_info(): """Return the frame. object for the caller's stack frame.""" try: raise Exception except: f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno) #测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现 def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt): calculation = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt], 'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt], 'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]} return calculation[flag]()

2、项目测试代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #**************************************************************** # xxx_server_case.py # Author : Vince # Version : 1.0 # Date : 2011-3-10 # Description: 内容服务系统测试代码 #**************************************************************** from testframe. import * from common_lib import * httpString='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/' expectXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/expect/' realXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/real/' def run(interface_name, suiteid): print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test Begin,please waiting...' global expectXmldir, realXmldir #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录 expectDir=expectXmldir+interface_name realDir=realXmldir+interface_name if os.path.exists(expectDir) == 0: os.makedirs(expectDir) if os.path.exists(realDir) == 0: os.makedirs(realDir) excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除历史测试数据 casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #获取case个数 caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #获取Case基本信息 #遍历执行case for caseid in range(0, casecount): #检查是否执行该Case if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N': write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, 'NT') continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case #获取测试数据 sInput=httpString+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist) XmlString=HTTPInvoke(com_ipport, sInput) #执行调用 #获取返回码并比较 result_code=et.fromstring(XmlString).find("result_code").text ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retCol) #保存预期结果文件 expectPath=expectDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' #saveXmlfile(expectPath, XmlString) #保存实际结果文件 realPath=realDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml' saveXmlfile(realPath, XmlString) #比较预期结果和实际结果 ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectPath, realPath) #写测试结果 write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, ret1, ret2) print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test End!'

3、测试入口

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #**************************************************************** # main.py # Author : Vince # Version : 1.0 # Date : 2011-3-16 # Description: 测试组装，用例执行入口 #**************************************************************** from testframe. import * from xxx_server_case import * import xxx_server_case #产品系统接口测试 #设置测试环境 xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/xxx_Testcase.xls') xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com' #Add testsuite begin run("xxx_book_list", 4) #Add other suite from here #Add testsuite end statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj) xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()

最后感谢我的同事Roger为此做了一些优化，后续优化的东东还很多，我们一直在努力！

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