用QTP来操作DOS命令行

Objectives

The objectives of this article are :

• Learn how to use DOS command lines in QTP.
• Alternative complex tasks.
• Alternative .NET methods.

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cmd.exe allows access to the Microsoft Windows Command Prompt, also known as Microsoft DOS.
To-date, cmd.exe is a 32-bit command prompt used in Windows NT, 2000, and XP and offers disk and file maintenance functions to your computer as well as network functions. cmd.exe can be found underSystem32folder.

SystemUtil.Run"cmd.exe","","C:\WINDOWS\system32″,"open"

Capture the window by QTP

Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass")

Print Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass").GetROProperty("title")

Typing to DOS window

TheTypemethod types the specified string in the window.

Syntax:object.Type KeyboardInput.

KeyboardInput: A String value. The text string and/or constants representing non-alphanumeric keys.

Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass").Type"Pingadvancedqtp.com"

Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass").Type micReturn

Catching the Response

TheGetVisibleTextmethod returns the text from the specified area. The text to capture must be visible in the application window when the step runs. The area is defined by pairs of coordinates that designate two diagonally opposite corners of a rectangle.

Syntax :object.GetVisibleText ([Left], [Top], [Right], [Bottom])

txt = Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass").GetVisibleText()

print txt

Problems…

SystemUtil.Run"cmd.exe","","C:\WINDOWS\system32″,"open"

Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass").Type"dir"

Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass").Type micReturn

txt = Window("object class:=ConsoleWindowClass").GetVisibleText()

print txt

The GetVisibleText method "catches" only the text that is visible. large commands with large responses are useless…

Solution

Wscript.Shell Object

TheWSript.Shellobject provides functions to read system information and environment variables, work with the registry and manage shortcuts. You create aWSript.Shellobject whenever you want to run a program locally, manipulate the contents of the registry, create a shortcut, or access a system folder.

DimwShell

SetwShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

you will see this detailed description if you are using PDM.DLL version 9

Exec Method

Runs an application in a child command-shell, providing access to the StdIn/StdOut/StdErr streams.

Syntax :object.Exec(strCommand)

strCommand :String value indicating the command line used to run the script. The command line should appear exactly as it would if you typed it at the command prompt.

TheExecmethod returns aWshScriptExecobject, which provides status and error information about a script. run withExecalong with access to theStdIn,StdOut, andStdErrchannels.

%compsec%

What if your colleague installedMS-Windowson D:\ Drive?  –> The C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe will not work.

Since every machine can have different installation directory, the environment %compsec% returns the full path of the cmd.exe file.

Executing a command

• /C– Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates.
• /K– Carries out the command specified by string but remains.

Executing the command

DimwShell, exec

SetwShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

Setexec = wShell.Exec("%comspec% /C ping advancedqtp.com")

WshScriptExec Object

Provides status information about a script. run withExecalong with access to theStdIn,StdOut, andStdErrstreams.

WshScriptExec.Status Property

Provides status information about a script. run with theExec() method.

• WshRunning ( = 0 )- The job is still running.
• WshFinished ( = 1 )- The job has completed.

WshScriptExec.ExitCode Property

Returns the exit code set by a script. or program run using theExec() method. Executables set an exit code when they finish running. This conveys the status information when a process ends. Often, it is used to send an error code (or some other piece of information) back to the caller. If the process has not finished, theExitCodeproperty returns 0. The values returned fromExitCodedepend on the application that was called.

WshScriptExec.StdOut Property

TheStdOutproperty contains a read-only copy of any information the script. may have sent to the standard output.

• AtEndOfStream- Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the end of an input stream has been reached.
• ReadAll- Returns all characters from a stream.
• ReadLine- Reads an entire line from a stream.

Handling Errors

Run the following code. why is the result empty?

DimwShell, exec

SetwShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

Setexec = wShell.Exec("%comspec% /C png advancedqtp.com")

print exec.StdOut.ReadAll

WshScriptExec.StdErr Property

since the "png" command has a syntax error (ping), the STDOUT remains empty.

Now, run the following code :

DimwShell, exec

SetwShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

Setexec = wShell.Exec("%comspec% /C png advancedqtp.com")

print exec.StdErr.ReadAll

Since we have a syntax error, the STDERR buffer is filled, instead of the STDOUT. but, what about a "bad" command ( without syntax errors )?

DimwShell, exec

SetwShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

Setexec = wShell.Exec("%comspec% /C ping no-exists")

print exec.StdOut.ReadAll

in this case STDOUT will be filled, but not STDERR.

How could we know when an error occurred?

DimwShell, exec, outStr

SetwShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

Setexec = wShell.Exec("%comspec% /C ping arrdvancedqtp.com")

DoWhileexec.Status = 0

   IfNotexec.StdOut.AtEndOfStreamThen

       outStr = exec.StdOut.ReadAll

       Ifexec.ExitCode = 1then

           Reporter.ReportEvent micWarning,"Command failed", outStr

       EndIf

     ExitDo

  EndIf

  IfNotexec.StdErr.AtEndOfStreamThen

     outStr ="STDERR: "& exec.StdErr.ReadAll

     Reporter.ReportEvent micFail,"Command failed", outStr

     ExitDo

  EndIf

  Wait 1

Loop

Print outStr

Alternative .NET

Setnt = DotNetFactory.CreateInstance("Microsoft.VisualBasic.Devices.Network")

IfCBool( nt.Ping("www.advancedqtp.com") )Then

  MsgBox("Server pinged successfully.")

Else

  MsgBox("Ping request timed out.")