MySQL

1、rpm包安装：
①rpm -qa mysql：提示mysql-4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1
①rpm -e mysql-4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1：提示
  error: Failed dependencies:
  libmysqlclient.so.14 is needed by (installed) cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-5.EL4.i386
  libmysqlclient.so.14 is needed by (installed) dovecot-0.99.11-2.EL4.1.i386
  libmysqlclient.so.14 is needed by (installed) perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9004-3.1.i386
  mysql = 4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1 is needed by (installed) mysql-devel-4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1.i386
①rpm -e mysql-devel-4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1.i386
  rpm -e perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9004-3.1.i386
  rpm -e dovecot-0.99.11-2.EL4.1.i386
  rpm -e cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-5.EL4.i386
①rpm -e mysql-4.1.12-3.RHEL4.1
①rpm -qpi MySQL-server-community-5.1.46-1.rhel4.i386.rpm
  rpm -qpl MySQL-server-community-5.1.46-1.rhel4.i386.rpm
  rpm -qpi MySQL-client-community-5.1.46-1.rhel4.i386.rpm
  rpm -qpl MySQL-client-community-5.1.46-1.rhel4.i386.rpm
①rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.46-1.rhel4.i386.rpm
  rpm -ivh MySQL-client-community-5.1.46-1.rhel4.i386.rpm
①cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
①chkconfig --list | grep mysql
  chkcnofig --level 35 mysql on
①/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql status
①/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '新密码'
⑴/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p '旧密码' password '新密码'
  mysql服务器系统用户root与Linux系统用户root无关
①/usr/bin/mysql -u root -p'密码'
①mysql> use mysql;
  mysql> select host,user,password from user;
  mysql> grant all on *.* touser_1@'%'identified by '新密码';
  mysql> flush privileges;
  mysql> show databases;
  mysql> create database test_1;
  mysql> use test_1;
  mysql> create table table_1(num int (2),name char(8),sex char(1));
  mysql> show tables;
  mysql> describe table_1;
  mysql> insert into table_1 values('1','wang1','m');
  mysql> insert into table_1 values('2','wang2','g');
  mysql> select num,name,sex from table_1;
  mysql> update table_1 set name='wang3' where sex='m';
  mysql> delete from table_1 where sex='m';
  mysql> drop table table_1;
  mysql> drop database test_1;
  exit

2、相关介绍：
①倒序卸载相关依赖包后才可卸载主包
①服务器软件包安装时会自动初始化和建立系统数据库，也可通过/usr/bin/mysql_install_db命令来完成
①安装成功后会自动创建mysql用户名和mysql用户组，mysql用户用来启动mysql服务器，所以系统数据库的属主必须为mysql用户
①安装成功后会在/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下产生mysql服务器启动脚本并自动启动服务。复制的是/usr/share/mysql/mysql.server文件
①my-medium.cnf适用于小内存系统，将它改名为/etc/my.cnf作为mysql服务器全局环境变量，以确保在每次启动mysql时均起作用
①mysql目录：
⑴数据库目录：/var/lib/mysql/mysql(默认属主与属组都是mysql)、test
  配置文件：/usr/share/mysql/mysql.server、my-medium.cnf
  相关命令：/usr/bin/mysql、mysqladmin、mysqldump
  启动脚本：/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
①mysql数据库是mysql数据库服务器的系统数据库，user表用于存放用户的相关信息。user表中的root用户是mysql系统数据库默认的初始管理，具有全部操作权限，密码为空。user表中的host字段表示相应的用户可从哪台主机登录到mysql服务器，默认为localhost本地主机，当字段为%时表示可从任何主机登录到mysql服务器
①grant all on *.* touser_1@'%'identified by '新密码';创建新用户、所有权限、所有数据库，可从任何主机登录到mysql服务器
①flush privileges密码立即生效
①使用相关工具登录远程数据库的数据库用户必须具有在其它主机登录数据库服务器的权限，且需关闭防火墙
①附user表：mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user   | password                                  |
+-----------+--------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root   | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root   |                                           |
| localhost |        |                                           |
| %         | user_1 | *FD571203974BA9AFE270FE62151AE967ECA5E0AA |
+-----------+--------+-------------------------------------------+

3、tar包安装
①准备：groupadd mysql、useradd -g mysql mysql(需在编译前创建才可编译进去)
        mv /wzn/mysql-5.0.18.tar.gz /usr/local/src
①解压：cd /usr/local/src、tar -xzvf mysql-5.0.18.tar.gz
①配置：cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.0.18、./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
        --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql --sysconfdir=/etc --with-charset=utf8
⑴prefix=mysql安装路径、localstatedir=数据库存放路径(手动初始化后默认为mysql/var/mysql)、sysconfdir=mysql配置文件
①编译(gcc编译器gcc -v)：make
①安装：make install
①初始化系统数据库：cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db、ll /var/lib/mysql/mysql、test(默认属主与属组都是root)
⑴/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
①chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
①cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
①cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
①chkconfig --add mysql
  chkconfig --list | grep mysql
①/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin version
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping
①/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
⑴/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p '旧密码' password '新密码'
①/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p'密码'
①mysql> use mysql;
  mysql> select host,user,password from user;
  mysql> grant all on *.* touser_1@'%'identified by '新密码';
  mysql> flush privileges;
  exit