[转]Tkinter教程之Button篇(1)

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#Tkinter教程之Button篇(1)
#Button功能触发事件
'''1.一个简单的Button应用'''
from tkinter import *
#定义Button的回调函数
def helloButton():
    print ('hello button')
root = Tk()
#通过command属性来指定Button的回调函数
Button(root,text = 'Hello Button',command = helloButton).pack()
root.mainloop()

'''
执行的结果:每次点击一次,程序向标准输出打印'hello button'


'''2.测试Button的relief属性'''
#运行下面的代码可以看到Button的各个不同效果,均没有回调函数。
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
#flat, groove, raised, ridge, solid, or sunken
Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=FLAT).pack()
Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=GROOVE).pack()
Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=RAISED).pack()
Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=RIDGE).pack()
Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=SOLID).pack()
Button(root,text = 'hello button',relief=SUNKEN).pack()

root.mainloop()

'''(未试过)
Button显示图像
image:可以使用gif图像,图像的加载方法img = PhotoImage(root,file = filepath
bitmap:使用X11 格式的bitmap,Windows的Bitmap没法显示的,在Windows下使用GIMP2.4将windows
Bitmap转换为xbm文件,依旧无法使用.linux下的X11 bitmap编辑器生成的bitmap还没有测试,但可
以使用内置的位图。
(1).使用位图文件
bp = BitmapImage(file = "c:\python2.xbm")
Button(root,bitmap = bp).pack()
(2).使用位图数据
BITMAP = """
#define im_width 32
#define im_height 32
static char im_bits[] = {
0xaf,0x6d,0xeb,0xd6,0x55,0xdb,0xb6,0x2f,
0xaf,0xaa,0x6a,0x6d,0x55,0x7b,0xd7,0x1b,
0xad,0xd6,0xb5,0xae,0xad,0x55,0x6f,0x05,
0xad,0xba,0xab,0xd6,0xaa,0xd5,0x5f,0x93,
0xad,0x76,0x7d,0x67,0x5a,0xd5,0xd7,0xa3,
0xad,0xbd,0xfe,0xea,0x5a,0xab,0x69,0xb3,
0xad,0x55,0xde,0xd8,0x2e,0x2b,0xb5,0x6a,
0x69,0x4b,0x3f,0xb4,0x9e,0x92,0xb5,0xed,
0xd5,0xca,0x9c,0xb4,0x5a,0xa1,0x2a,0x6d,
0xad,0x6c,0x5f,0xda,0x2c,0x91,0xbb,0xf6,
0xad,0xaa,0x96,0xaa,0x5a,0xca,0x9d,0xfe,
0x2c,0xa5,0x2a,0xd3,0x9a,0x8a,0x4f,0xfd,
0x2c,0x25,0x4a,0x6b,0x4d,0x45,0x9f,0xba,
0x1a,0xaa,0x7a,0xb5,0xaa,0x44,0x6b,0x5b,
0x1a,0x55,0xfd,0x5e,0x4e,0xa2,0x6b,0x59,
0x9a,0xa4,0xde,0x4a,0x4a,0xd2,0xf5,0xaa
};
"""
使用tuple数据来创建图像
bmp = BitmapImage(data = BITMAP)
Button(root,bitmap = bmp)
'''
'''3.与Label一样,Button也可以同时显示文本与图像,使用属性compound'''
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
#图像居下,居上,居右,居左,文字位于图像之上
Button(root,text = 'botton',compound = 'bottom',bitmap = 'error').pack()
Button(root,text = 'top',compound = 'top',bitmap = 'error').pack()
Button(root,text = 'right',compound = 'right',bitmap = 'error').pack()
Button(root,text = 'left',compound = 'left',bitmap = 'error').pack()
Button(root,text = 'center',compound = 'center',bitmap = 'error').pack()
#消息循环
root.mainloop()

'''4.控件焦点问题
创建三个Button,各自对应回调函数;将第二个Button设置焦点,程序运行是按“Enter”,判断
程序的打印结果
'''
from tkinter import *

def cb1():
    print ('button1 clicked')
def cb2(event):
    print ('button2 focused on')
def cb3():
    print ('button3 clicked')
   
root = Tk()

b1 = Button(root,text = 'Button1',command = cb1)
b2 = Button(root,text = 'Button2')
b2.bind("<Enter>",cb2)
b3 = Button(root,text = 'Button3',command = cb3)
b1.pack()
b2.pack()
b3.pack()

b2.focus_set()
root.mainloop()
'''
上例中使用了bind方法,它建立事件与回调函数(响应函数)之间的关系,每当产生<Enter>事件
后,程序便自动的调用cb2,与cb1,cb3不同的是,它本身还带有一个参数----event,这个参数传递
响应事件的信息。
'''(未试过)
from Tkinter import *
def printEventInfo(event):
    print 'event.time = ' , event.time
    print 'event.type = ' , event.type
    print 'event.WidgetId = ', event.widget
    print 'event.KeySymbol = ',event.keysym
root = Tk()
b = Button(root,text = 'Infomation')
b.bind("<Return>",printEventInfo)
b.pack()
b.focus_set()
root.mainloop()
   

'''
结果是:当鼠标进入Button区域后,事件printEventInfo
被调用。程序打印出了event的信息。
'''

#author:     jcodeer
#blog:    jcodeer.cublog.cn
#email:   jcodeer@126.com


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