倘若LoginServlet的代码有误，例如，将context.getNamedDispatcher("dispatcher")误写为 context.getNamedDispatcher("dispatcher2")，则测试失败，JUnit报告：
junit.framework.AssertionFailedError:
Unexpected method call getNamedDispatcher("dispatcher2"):
getNamedDispatcher("dispatcher2"): expected: 0, actual: 1
getNamedDispatcher("dispatcher"): expected: 1, actual: 0
at ...
完整的LoginServletTest代码如下：
/**
* LoginServletTest.java
* Author: Liao Xue Feng, www.crackj2ee.com
*/
package com.crackj2ee.test.mock;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import org.easymock.*;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class LoginServletTest extends TestCase {
public void testLoginFailed() throws Exception {
MockControl mc = MockControl.createControl(HttpServletRequest.class);
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)mc.getMock();
// set Mock Object behavior:
request.getParameter("username");
mc.setReturnValue("admin", 1);
request.getParameter("password");
mc.setReturnValue("1234", 1);
// ok, all behaviors are set!
mc.replay();
// now start test:
LoginServlet servlet = new LoginServlet();
try {
servlet.doPost(request, null);
fail("Not caught exception!");
}
catch(RuntimeException re) {
assertEquals("Login failed.", re.getMessage());
}
// verify:
mc.verify();
}
public void testLoginOK() throws Exception {
// create mock:
MockControl requestCtrl = MockControl.createControl(HttpServletRequest.class);
HttpServletRequest requestObj = (HttpServletRequest)requestCtrl.getMock();
MockControl contextCtrl = MockControl.createControl(ServletContext.class);
final ServletContext contextObj = (ServletContext)contextCtrl.getMock();
MockControl dispatcherCtrl = MockControl.createControl(RequestDispatcher.class);
RequestDispatcher dispatcherObj = (RequestDispatcher)dispatcherCtrl.getMock();
// set behavior:
requestObj.getParameter("username");
requestCtrl.setReturnValue("admin", 1);
requestObj.getParameter("password");
requestCtrl.setReturnValue("123456", 1);
contextObj.getNamedDispatcher("dispatcher");
contextCtrl.setReturnValue(dispatcherObj, 1);
dispatcherObj.forward(requestObj, null);
dispatcherCtrl.setVoidCallable(1);
// done!
requestCtrl.replay();
contextCtrl.replay();
dispatcherCtrl.replay();
// test:
LoginServlet servlet = new LoginServlet() {
public ServletContext getServletContext() {
return contextObj;
}
};
servlet.doPost(requestObj, null);
// verify:
requestCtrl.verify();
contextCtrl.verify();
dispatcherCtrl.verify();
}
}
总结：
虽然EasyMock可以用来模仿依赖对象，但是，它只能动态模仿接口，无法模仿具体类。这一限制正好要求我们遵循“针对接口编程”的原则：如果不针对接口，则测试难于进行。应当把单元测试看作是运行时代码的最好运用，如果代码在单元测试中难于应用，则它在真实环境中也将难于应用。总之，创建尽可能容易测试的代码就是创建高质量的代码。
