一、webdriver继承关系
在selenium中，无论是常用的Firefox Driver 还是Chrome Driver和Ie Drive，他们都继承至selenium\webdriver\remote下webdriver.py中的WebDriver 类，如下
chrome WebDriver selenium\webdriver\chrome下webdriver.py中WebDriver定义如下 from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver as RemoteWebDriver class WebDriver(RemoteWebDriver): """ Controls the ChromeDriver and allows you to drive the browser. """ firefox WebDriver selenium\webdriver\firefox 下webdriver.py中WebDriver定义如下 from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver as RemoteWebDriver class WebDriver(RemoteWebDriver): pass ie WebDriver selenium\webdriver\ie 下webdriver.py中WebDriver定义如下 from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver as RemoteWebDriver class WebDriver(RemoteWebDriver): def __init__(self, executable_path='IEDriverServer.exe', capabilities=None, port=DEFAULT_PORT, timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, host=DEFAULT_HOST, log_level=DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL, log_file=DEFAULT_LOG_FILE): ...... |
如上源码：from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver as RemoteWebDriver 都是继承至RemoteWebDriver ，并主要重写__init__方法
其他方法主要继承至父类RemoteWebDriver ，因此着重看下RemoteWebDriver 类中的方法
1、find类
编写脚本常用的查找页面元素方法
def find_element_by_id(self, id_): #Finds an element by id.''' pass def find_elements_by_id(self, id_): #Finds multiple elements by id. pass def find_element_by_xpath(self, xpath): #Finds an element by xpath. pass def find_elements_by_xpath(self, xpath): #Finds multiple elements by xpath. pass def find_element_by_link_text(self, link_text): #Finds an element by link text pass def find_elements_by_link_text(self, text): #Finds elements by link text. pass def find_element_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text): #Finds elements by a partial match of their link text. pass def find_elements_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text): #Finds an element by a partial match of its link text. pass def find_element_by_name(self, name): #Finds an element by name. pass def find_elements_by_name(self, name): #Finds elements by name. pass def find_element_by_tag_name(self, name): #Finds an element by tag name. pass def find_elements_by_tag_name(self, name): #Finds elements by tag name. pass def find_element_by_class_name(self, name): Finds an element by class name. pass def find_elements_by_class_name(self, name): #Finds elements by class name. pass def find_element_by_css_selector(self, css_selector): #Finds an element by css selector. pass def find_elements_by_css_selector(self, css_selector): #Finds elements by css selector. pass def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None): #'Private' method used by the find_element_by_* methods. pass def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None): #'Private' method used by the find_elements_by_* methods. pass |
通过查看源码，其实以上方法都是通过调用
self.find_element(by=By.XXX, value=name)或者self.find_elements(by=By.XXX, value=name)方法来重新定义的
def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None): """ 'Private' method used by the find_element_by_* methods. :Usage: Use the corresponding find_element_by_* instead of this. :rtype: WebElement """ if self.w3c: if by == By.ID: by = By.CSS_SELECTOR value = '[id="%s"]' % value elif by == By.TAG_NAME: by = By.CSS_SELECTOR elif by == By.CLASS_NAME: by = By.CSS_SELECTOR value = ".%s" % value elif by == By.NAME: by = By.CSS_SELECTOR value = '[name="%s"]' % value return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, { 'using': by, 'value': value})['value'] |
其中by.XXX是selenium\webdriver\common下by.py文件中By类定义的静态常量
class By(object): """ Set of supported locator strategies. """ ID = "id" XPATH = "xpath" LINK_TEXT = "link text" PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text" NAME = "name" TAG_NAME = "tag name" CLASS_NAME = "class name" CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector" |
通过以上分析，不难发现，只要掌握了self.find_element(by=By.XXX, value=name)或者self.find_elements(by=By.XXX, value=name)方法，已就意味着掌握了全部的查找定位页面元素的方法
2、除了常用的find类方法外，以下方法在编写脚本是也是常用的
ef get(self, url): """ Loads a web page in the current browser session. """ @property def title(self): """Returns the title of the current page.""" @property def current_url(self): """Gets the URL of the current page.""" @property def current_window_handle(self): """Returns the handle of the current window.""" def maximize_window(self): """Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using""" @property def switch_to(self): return self._switch_to # Target Locators def switch_to_active_element(self): """ Deprecated use driver.switch_to.active_element""" def switch_to_window(self, window_name): """ Deprecated use driver.switch_to.window""" def switch_to_frame(self, frame_reference): """ Deprecated use driver.switch_to.frame""" def switch_to_default_content(self): """ Deprecated use driver.switch_to.default_content""" def switch_to_alert(self): """ Deprecated use driver.switch_to.alert""" |
其中使用@property修饰的，可以当作为属性来使用，如driver.current_url
3、为什么在实际应用过程中通过from selenium import webdriver引入webdriver，然后通过webdriver.Chrome()就可以实例化Chrome的Driver对象呢？
从以上selenium目录结构，理论上需要通过以下来导入
#导入chrome的WebDriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriver #导入firefox的WebDriver from selenium.webdriver.firefox.webdriver import WebDriver #导入ie的WebDriver from selenium.webdriver.ie.webdriver import WebDriver |
selenium项目目录结构
selenium │ __init__.py │ ├─common │ │ exceptions.py │ │ __init__.py │ ├─webdriver │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ ├─android │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ ├─blackberry │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ ├─chrome │ │ │ options.py │ │ │ remote_connection.py │ │ │ service.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ ├─common │ │ │ action_chains.py │ │ │ alert.py │ │ │ by.py │ │ │ desired_capabilities.py │ │ │ keys.py │ │ │ proxy.py │ │ │ service.py │ │ │ touch_actions.py │ │ │ utils.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ │ │ ├─actions │ │ │ │ action_builder.py │ │ │ │ input_device.py │ │ │ │ interaction.py │ │ │ │ key_actions.py │ │ │ │ key_input.py │ │ │ │ mouse_button.py │ │ │ │ pointer_actions.py │ │ │ │ pointer_input.py │ │ │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─html5 │ │ │ │ application_cache.py │ │ │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ ├─edge │ │ │ options.py │ │ │ service.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ ├─firefox │ │ │ extension_connection.py │ │ │ firefox_binary.py │ │ │ firefox_profile.py │ │ │ options.py │ │ │ remote_connection.py │ │ │ service.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ webdriver.xpi │ │ │ webdriver_prefs.json │ │ │ webelement.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ │ │ ├─ie │ │ │ service.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ ├─opera │ │ │ options.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ ├─phantomjs │ │ │ service.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ ├─remote │ │ │ command.py │ │ │ errorhandler.py │ │ │ file_detector.py │ │ │ getAttribute.js │ │ │ isDisplayed.js │ │ │ mobile.py │ │ │ remote_connection.py │ │ │ switch_to.py │ │ │ utils.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ webelement.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ ├─safari │ │ │ service.py │ │ │ webdriver.py │ │ │ __init__.py │ ├─support │ │ │ abstract_event_listener.py │ │ │ color.py │ │ │ events.py │ │ │ event_firing_webdriver.py │ │ │ expected_conditions.py │ │ │ select.py │ │ │ ui.py │ │ │ wait.py │ │ │ __init__.py |
通过查看selenium\webdriver下__init__.py文件发现
from .firefox.webdriver import WebDriver as Firefox # noqa from .firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile # noqa from .chrome.webdriver import WebDriver as Chrome # noqa from .chrome.options import Options as ChromeOptions # noqa from .ie.webdriver import WebDriver as Ie # noqa |
其实是因为该出已经导入了，所以才可以直接使用Firefox、Chrome
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