面试中遇到对 Linux 基础知识的考察，主要是一些简单的文本操作，某项系统数据、日志的查看。
鉴于是考核测试工程师而不是考核运维工程师，难度不很小，相应的分值也不高。
大多数时候你的面试官往往也不是很精通 Linux ，此类问题稍作准备即可。
查看服务器的某个端口是否打开
●nmap -sT localhost查看指定 ip 所有打开的端口
●telnet localhost 22 查看指定 ip 的指定端口是否打开
●netstat -ntpl |grep 22查看本机指定端口是否打开
根据进程查端口
●ps -ef | grep Name 先找到进程的 pid
●netstat -nap | grep 2111 根据进程 pid 查端口
linux 根据进程名查看其占用的端口
●lsof -Pnl +M -i4 | grep 22 查看指定端口所属进程id
Linux下根据端口号查询对应进程
查看内存占用
●free 命令
linux-2g4s:~ # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7746 2764 4981 204 2 1340 -/+ buffers/cache: 1421 6324 Swap: 8197 0 8197 |
●top 命令
top - 22:50:48 up 33 min, 1 user, load average: 0.29, 0.75, 0.63 Tasks: 220 total, 1 running, 219 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 1.2 us, 2.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.6 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 7932260 total, 2831700 used, 5100560 free, 2488 buffers KiB Swap: 8394748 total, 0 used, 8394748 free. 1374992 cached Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1371 root 20 0 206052 45928 19960 S 3.322 0.579 1:16.57 Xorg 1586 zhouqiz+ 20 0 2093212 175428 81420 S 2.326 2.212 1:38.60 gnome-shell 2856 zhouqiz+ 20 0 958652 50292 36296 S 2.326 0.634 0:09.08 gnome-terminal- 1102 root 20 0 572608 16160 11240 S 0.997 0.204 0:01.34 NetworkManager 1070 message+ 20 0 41124 5268 3676 S 0.664 0.066 0:01.02 dbus-daemon 360 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.332 0.000 0:00.32 btrfs-transacti 1820 zhouqiz+ 20 0 384708 13560 9996 S 0.332 0.171 0:00.20 mission-control 2229 zhouqiz+ 20 0 1857708 221152 108252 S 0.332 2.788 1:17.47 chromium 3646 root 20 0 14092 2452 1940 R 0.332 0.031 0:00.03 top 1 root 20 0 185360 5928 3944 S 0.000 0.075 0:10.72 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.000 0.000 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.000 0.000 0:00.03 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.000 0.000 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.000 0.000 0:01.61 rcu_sched 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.000 0.000 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.000 0.000 0:00.00 migration/0 10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.000 0.000 0:00.00 watchdog/0 |
查看硬盘分区大小
●fdisk
linux-2g4s:~ # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 238.5 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 2590AC87-0E3E-4F54-9062-46B3FA6E6D11 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 923647 921600 450M Windows recovery environment /dev/sda2 923648 1128447 204800 100M EFI System /dev/sda3 1128448 1161215 32768 16M Microsoft reserved /dev/sda4 1161216 254112398 252951183 120.6G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda5 254113792 270903295 16789504 8G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda6 270903296 291885055 20981760 10G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda7 291885056 500117503 208232448 99.3G Microsoft basic data |
查看每个挂载点占用情况
●df
linux-2g4s:~ # df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 11M 3.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 2.6M 3.8G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% / /dev/sda2 vfat 96M 29M 68M 30% /boot/efi /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /boot/grub2/i386-pc /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/lib/pgsql /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/tmp /dev/sda7 xfs 100G 8.1G 92G 9% /home /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/crash /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/lib/mariadb /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/spool /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /tmp /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/log /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/lib/mysql /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/lib/libvirt/images /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /boot/grub2/x86_64-efi /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/opt /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /srv /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/lib/mailman /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /opt /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /usr/local /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/lib/named /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/lib/machines /dev/sda6 btrfs 11G 7.2G 2.8G 73% /var/cache tmpfs tmpfs 775M 28K 775M 1% /run/user/1000 |
du 查看文件目录大小
linux-2g4s:/usr # du -h -d1 0 ./local 2.6G ./share 458M ./lib 42M ./sbin 43M ./include 2.4G ./lib64 0 ./X11R6 377M ./bin 0 ./games 0 ./src 28K ./x86_64-suse-linux 5.8G |
awk 使用
参考 man awk
