校验结果
Ui Automator 是基于InstrumentationTestCase,同样InstrumentationTestCase是基于标准的JUnit Assert,那么我们也可以使用标准的JUnit Assert来判断结果。
下面代码片段演示一个计算器的代码,以及验证结果。
private static final String CALC_PACKAGE = "com.myexample.calc"; public void testTwoPlusThreeEqualsFive() { // Enter an equation: 2 + 3 = ? mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector() .packageName(CALC_PACKAGE).resourceId("two")).click(); mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector() .packageName(CALC_PACKAGE).resourceId("plus")).click(); mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector() .packageName(CALC_PACKAGE).resourceId("three")).click(); mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector() .packageName(CALC_PACKAGE).resourceId("equals")).click(); // Verify the result = 5 UiObject result = mDevice.findObject(By.res(CALC_PACKAGE, "result")); assertEquals("5", result.getText()); } |
Api
UiDevice
void clearLastTraversedText() // Clears the text from the last UI traversal event. // 清楚上次UI遍历的事件? boolean click(int x, int y) // Perform a click at arbitrary coordinates specified by the user // 根据坐标点击 boolean drag(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps) // Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another coordinate. // 拖动 void dumpWindowHierarchy(File dest) // Dump the current window hierarchy to a File. // dump当前的层次化结构到文件中 void dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream out) // Dump the current window hierarchy to an OutputStream. // dump当前的层次化结构到流中 void dumpWindowHierarchy(String fileName) // This method is deprecated. Use dumpWindowHierarchy(File) or dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream) instead. // dump当前的层次化结构到文件中 UiObject2 findObject(BySelector selector) // Returns the first object to match the selector criteria. // 根据BySelector查找 UiObject findObject(UiSelector selector) // Returns a UiObject which represents a view that matches the specified selector criteria. // 根据UiSelector 查找 List<UiObject2> findObjects(BySelector selector) // Returns all objects that match the selector criteria. // 根据BySelector查找 void freezeRotation() // Disables the sensors and freezes the device rotation at its current rotation state. // 冻结旋转的状态 String getCurrentActivityName() // This method is deprecated. The results returned should be considered unreliable // 获取当前Activity的名字,已经被废弃 String getCurrentPackageName() // Retrieves the name of the last package to report accessibility events. // 获取当前package int getDisplayHeight() // Gets the height of the display, in pixels. int getDisplayRotation() // Returns the current rotation of the display, as defined in Surface Point getDisplaySizeDp() // Returns the display size in dp (device-independent pixel) The returned display size is adjusted per screen rotation. int getDisplayWidth() // Gets the width of the display, in pixels. static UiDevice getInstance() // This method is deprecated. Should use getInstance(Instrumentation) instead. This version hides UiDevice's dependency on having an Instrumentation reference and is prone to misuse. // 获取一个对象 static UiDevice getInstance(Instrumentation instrumentation) // Retrieves a singleton instance of UiDevice String getLastTraversedText() // Retrieves the text from the last UI traversal event received. // 获取上一次遍历的文本 String getLauncherPackageName() // Retrieves default launcher package name // 获取运行的packagename String getProductName() // Retrieves the product name of the device. boolean hasAnyWatcherTriggered() // Checks if any registered UiWatcher have triggered. // 检查是否有触发器触发 boolean hasObject(BySelector selector) // Returns whether there is a match for the given selector criteria. // 是否有符合的条件的 boolean hasWatcherTriggered(String watcherName) // Checks if a specific registered UiWatcher has triggered. boolean isNaturalOrientation() // Check if the device is in its natural orientation. boolean isScreenOn() // Checks the power manager if the screen is ON. boolean openNotification() // Opens the notification shade. // 打开通知 boolean openQuickSettings() // Opens the Quick Settings shade. // 打开设置 <R> R performActionAndWait(Runnable action, EventCondition<R> condition, long timeout) // Performs the provided action and waits for the condition to be met. boolean pressBack() // Simulates a short press on the BACK button. boolean pressDPadCenter() // Simulates a short press on the CENTER button. boolean pressDPadDown() // Simulates a short press on the DOWN button. boolean pressDPadLeft() // Simulates a short press on the LEFT button. boolean pressDPadRight() // Simulates a short press on the RIGHT button. boolean pressDPadUp() // Simulates a short press on the UP button. boolean pressDelete() // Simulates a short press on the DELETE key. boolean pressEnter() // Simulates a short press on the ENTER key. boolean pressHome() // Simulates a short press on the HOME button. boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode) // Simulates a short press using a key code. boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode, int metaState) // Simulates a short press using a key code. boolean pressMenu() // Simulates a short press on the MENU button. boolean pressRecentApps() // Simulates a short press on the Recent Apps button. boolean pressSearch() // Simulates a short press on the SEARCH button. void registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher) // Registers a UiWatcher to run automatically when the testing framework is unable to find a match using a UiSelector. void removeWatcher(String name) // Removes a previously registered UiWatcher. void resetWatcherTriggers() // Resets a UiWatcher that has been triggered. void runWatchers() // This method forces all registered watchers to run. void setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy(boolean compressed) // Enables or disables layout hierarchy compression. void setOrientationLeft() // Simulates orienting the device to the left and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. // 设置旋转方向 void setOrientationNatural() // Simulates orienting the device into its natural orientation and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. void setOrientationRight() // Simulates orienting the device to the right and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. void sleep() // This method simply presses the power button if the screen is ON else it does nothing if the screen is already OFF. // 关闭屏幕 boolean swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps) // Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another using the number of steps to determine smoothness and speed. boolean swipe(Point[] segments, int segmentSteps) // Performs a swipe between points in the Point array. boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath, float scale, int quality) // Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation // 截屏 boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath) // Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG Default scale of 1.0f (original size) and 90% quality is used The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation void unfreezeRotation() // Re-enables the sensors and un-freezes the device rotation allowing its contents to rotate with the device physical rotation. <R> R wait(SearchCondition<R> condition, long timeout) // Waits for given the condition to be met. void waitForIdle(long timeout) // Waits for the current application to idle. void waitForIdle() // Waits for the current application to idle. boolean waitForWindowUpdate(String packageName, long timeout) // Waits for a window content update event to occur. void wakeUp() // This method simulates pressing the power button if the screen is OFF else it does nothing if the screen is already ON. // 点亮屏幕 |
UiObject
void clearTextField() // Clears the existing text contents in an editable field. // 清空输入接口 boolean click() // Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject. // 点击 boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow() // Waits for window transitions that would typically take longer than the usual default timeouts. // 点击并等待新界面 boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow(long timeout) // Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject and waits for window transitions. // 点击并等待新界面,设置等待时间 boolean clickBottomRight() // Clicks the bottom and right corner of the UI element // 点击右下边 boolean clickTopLeft() // Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element boolean dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps) // Drags this object to a destination UiObject. // 拖动 boolean dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps) // Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates. boolean exists() // Check if view exists. // 判断是否存在 Rect getBounds() // Returns the view's bounds property. // 返回边界 UiObject getChild(UiSelector selector) // Creates a new UiObject for a child view that is under the present UiObject. // 根据条件获取子元素 int getChildCount() // Counts the child views immediately under the present UiObject. // 获取子元素数量 String getClassName() // Retrieves the className property of the UI element. // 获取当前元素的class name String getContentDescription() // Reads the content_desc property of the UI element UiObject getFromParent(UiSelector selector) // Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject. String getPackageName() // Reads the view's package property final UiSelector getSelector() // Debugging helper. String getText() // Reads the text property of the UI element Rect getVisibleBounds() // Returns the visible bounds of the view. // 获取可见边界 boolean isCheckable() // Checks if the UI element's checkable property is currently true. // 是否可以点击 boolean isChecked() // Check if the UI element's checked property is currently true // 是否已经选中 boolean isClickable() // Checks if the UI element's clickable property is currently true. boolean isEnabled() // Checks if the UI element's enabled property is currently true. boolean isFocusable() // Check if the UI element's focusable property is currently true. boolean isFocused() // Check if the UI element's focused property is currently true boolean isLongClickable() // Check if the view's long-clickable property is currently true boolean isScrollable() // Check if the view's scrollable property is currently true boolean isSelected() // Checks if the UI element's selected property is currently true. boolean longClick() // Long clicks the center of the visible bounds of the UI element // 长按 boolean longClickBottomRight() // Long clicks bottom and right corner of the UI element boolean longClickTopLeft() // Long clicks on the top and left corner of the UI element boolean performMultiPointerGesture(PointerCoords... touches) // Performs a multi-touch gesture. boolean performTwoPointerGesture(Point startPoint1, Point startPoint2, Point endPoint1, Point endPoint2, int steps) // Generates a two-pointer gesture with arbitrary starting and ending points. boolean pinchIn(int percent, int steps) // Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally toward the other, from the edges to the center of this UiObject . boolean pinchOut(int percent, int steps) // Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally opposite across the other, from the center out towards the edges of the this UiObject. boolean setText(String text) // Sets the text in an editable field, after clearing the field's content. // 设置输入内容 boolean swipeDown(int steps) // Performs the swipe down action on the UiObject. boolean swipeLeft(int steps) // Performs the swipe left action on the UiObject. boolean swipeRight(int steps) // Performs the swipe right action on the UiObject. boolean swipeUp(int steps) // Performs the swipe up action on the UiObject. boolean waitForExists(long timeout) // Waits a specified length of time for a view to become visible. boolean waitUntilGone(long timeout) // Waits a specified length of time for a view to become undetectable. |
总结
优点:
* 可以对所有操作进行自动化,操作简单
* 不需要对被测程序进行重签名,且,可以测试所有设备上的程序,比如~某APP,比如~拨号,比如~发信息等等
* 对于控件定位,要比robotium简单一点点
缺点:
* Ui Automator需要android level 16以上才可以使用,因为在level 16及以上的API里面才带有uiautomator工具
* 如果想要使用resource-id定位控件,则需要level 18及以上才可以
* 对中文支持不好(不代表不支持,第三方jar可以实现)