如何在Java中定义常量(Constant)

发表于:2016-4-21 09:58

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 作者:SummerChill    来源:51Testing软件测试网采编

1 /**
2  * Method One
3  */
4 interface ConstantInterface {
5     String SUNDAY = "SUNDAY";
6     String MONDAY = "MONDAY";
7     String TUESDAY = "TUESDAY";
8     String WEDNESDAY = "WEDNESDAY";
9     String THURSDAY = "THURSDAY";
10     String FRIDAY = "FRIDAY";
11     String SATURDAY = "SATURDAY";
12 }
13 /**
14  * Method Two
15  */
16 enum ConstantEnum {
17     SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY
18 }
19 /**
20  * Method Three
21  */
22 class ConstantClassField {
23     public static final String SUNDAY = "SUNDAY";
24     public static final String MONDAY = "MONDAY";
25     public static final String TUESDAY = "TUESDAY";
26     public static final String WEDNESDAY = "WEDNESDAY";
27     public static final String THURSDAY = "THURSDAY";
28     public static final String FRIDAY = "FRIDAY";
29     public static final String SATURDAY = "SATURDAY";
30 }
31 /**
32  * Method Four
33  * http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/<a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/17" class='replace_word' title="Java EE知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>Java</a>/l-java-interface/index.html
34  */
35 class ConstantClassFunction {
36     private static final String SUNDAY = "SUNDAY";
37     private static final String MONDAY = "MONDAY";
38     private static final String TUESDAY = "TUESDAY";
39     private static final String WEDNESDAY = "WEDNESDAY";
40     private static final String THURSDAY = "THURSDAY";
41     private static final String FRIDAY = "FRIDAY";
42     private static final String SATURDAY = "SATURDAY";
43     public static String getSunday() {
44         return SUNDAY;
45     }
46     public static String getMonday() {
47         return MONDAY;
48     }
49     public static String getTuesday() {
50         return TUESDAY;
51     }
52     public static String getWednesday() {
53         return WEDNESDAY;
54     }
55     public static String getThursday() {
56         return THURSDAY;
57     }
58     public static String getFirday() {
59         return FRIDAY;
60     }
61     public static String getSaturday() {
62         return SATURDAY;
63     }
64 }
65 public class TestConstant {
66     static final String day = "saturday";
67     public static void main(String[] args) {
68         System.out.println("Is today Saturday?");
69         System.out.println(day.equalsIgnoreCase(ConstantInterface.SATURDAY));
70         System.out.println(day.equalsIgnoreCase(ConstantEnum.SATURDAY.name()));
71         System.out.println(day.equalsIgnoreCase(ConstantClassField.SATURDAY));
72         System.out.println(day.equalsIgnoreCase(ConstantClassFunction
73                 .getSaturday()));
74     }
75 }
  方法一采用接口(Interface)的中变量默认为static final的特性
  方法二采用了Java 5.0中引入的Enum类型。
  方法三采用了在普通类中使用static final修饰变量的方法。
  方法四类似方法三,但是通过函数来获取常量。
  首先定义全局变量似乎有违Java的面向对象的封装特性,增加的耦合。所以最佳的方法是避免定义全局变量。如果是参数等,可以写入配置文件。如果实在是必须的,方法二是最为推荐的。方法三是大家都能想到的,非常的直观。方法一和方法三本质上一样。方法四提供了灵活性,具体参考引用【1】。
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