在UNIX系统中，使用Purify需要重新编译程序。通常的做法是修改Makefile中的编译器变量。下面是用来编译本文中程序的Makefile：
| CC=purify gcc all: pplusdemo pplusdemo: pplusdemo.o $(CC) -o pplusdemo pplusdemo.o -lstdc++ pplusdemo.o: pplusdemo.cpp $(CC) -g -c -w pplusdemo.cpp clean: -rm pplusdemo pplusdemo.o |
首先运行Purify安装目录下的 purifyplus_setup.sh来设置环境变量，然后运行make重新编译程序。需要指出的是，程序必须编译成调试版本。在gcc中，也就是必须使用"-g"选项。在重新编译的程序运行结束后，Purify会打印出一个分析报告。它的格式和含义与Windows平台大同小异。
下面是本文中的程序在Linux上Purify运行的结果：
| **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** UMR: Uninitialized memory read: * This is occurring while in: strlen [rtlib.o] std::basic_ostream< char,std::char_traits< char>> & std::operator <<<std::char_traits< char>>(std::basic_ostream< char,std::char_traits< char>> &, char const *) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:7] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * Reading 1 byte from 0x80b45e0 in the heap. * Address 0x80b45e0 is at the beginning of a malloc'd block of 4 bytes. * This block was allocated from: malloc [rtlib.o] operator new( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] operator new []( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:5] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** ABW: Array bounds write: * This is occurring while in: strcpy [rtlib.o] main [pplusdemo.cpp:8] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * Writing 5 bytes to 0x80b45e0 in the heap (1 byte at 0x80b45e4 illegal). * Address 0x80b45e0 is at the beginning of a malloc'd block of 4 bytes. * This block was allocated from: malloc [rtlib.o] operator new( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] operator new []( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:5] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** ABR: Array bounds read: * This is occurring while in: strlen [rtlib.o] std::basic_ostream< char,std::char_traits< char>> & std::operator <<<std::char_traits< char>>(std::basic_ostream< char,std::char_traits< char>> &, char const *) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:9] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * Reading 5 bytes from 0x80b45e0 in the heap (1 byte at 0x80b45e4 illegal). * Address 0x80b45e0 is at the beginning of a malloc'd block of 4 bytes. * This block was allocated from: malloc [rtlib.o] operator new( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] operator new []( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:5] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** FMM: Freeing mismatched memory: * This is occurring while in: operator delete( void *) [rtlib.o] main [pplusdemo.cpp:10] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * Attempting to free block at 0x80b45e0 in the heap. * Address 0x80b45e0 is at the beginning of a malloc'd block of 4 bytes. * This block was allocated from: malloc [rtlib.o] operator new( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] operator new []( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:5] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * This block of memory was obtained using an allocation routine which is not compatible with the routine by which it is being freed. **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** FMR: Free memory read: * This is occurring while in: main [pplusdemo.cpp:11] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * Reading 1 byte from 0x80b45e0 in the heap. * Address 0x80b45e0 is at the beginning of a freed block of 4 bytes. * This block was allocated from: malloc [rtlib.o] operator new( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] operator new []( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:5] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * There have been 0 frees since this block was freed from: free [rtlib.o] _ZdLpV [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:10] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** FMW: Free memory write: * This is occurring while in: main [pplusdemo.cpp:11] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * Writing 1 byte to 0x80b45e0 in the heap. * Address 0x80b45e0 is at the beginning of a freed block of 4 bytes. * This block was allocated from: malloc [rtlib.o] operator new( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] operator new []( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:5] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * There have been 0 frees since this block was freed from: free [rtlib.o] _ZdLpV [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:10] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** FUM: Freeing unallocated memory: * This is occurring while in: free [rtlib.o] _ZdLpV [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:12] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * Attempting to free block at 0x80b45e0 already freed. * This block was allocated from: malloc [rtlib.o] operator new( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] operator new []( unsigned) [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:5] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] * There have been 1 frees since this block was freed from: free [rtlib.o] _ZdLpV [libstdc++.so.5] main [pplusdemo.cpp:10] __libc_start_main [libc.so.6] _start [crt1.o] **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** Current file descriptors in use: 5 FIU: file descriptor 0: <stdin> FIU: file descriptor 1: <stdout> FIU: file descriptor 2: <stderr> FIU: file descriptor 26: <reserved for Purify internal use> FIU: file descriptor 27: <reserved for Purify internal use> **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** Purify: Searching for all memory leaks... Memory leaked: 0 bytes (0%); potentially leaked: 0 bytes (0%) Purify Heap Analysis (combining suppressed and unsuppressed blocks) Blocks Bytes Leaked 0 0 Potentially Leaked 0 0 In-Use 0 0 ---------------------------------------- Total Allocated 0 0 **** Purify instrumented ./pplusdemo (pid 30669) **** * Program exited with status code 0. * 7 access errors, 7 total occurrences. * 0 bytes leaked. * 0 bytes potentially leaked. * Basic memory usage (including Purify overhead): 290012 code 152928 data/bss 6816 heap (peak use) 7800 stack |
