4) 上述3)在一些情况下,因为B表的纪录只有A表的20-30%的纪录数,考虑A表使用INDEX的情况,使用cursor也许会比关联update带来更好的性能:
set serveroutput on declare cursor city_cur is select customer_id,city_name from tmp_cust_city order by customer_id; begin for my_cur in city_cur loop update customers set city_name=my_cur.city_name where customer_id=my_cur.customer_id; /** 此处也可以单条/分批次提交,避免锁表情况 **/ -- if mod(city_cur%rowcount,10000)=0 then -- dbms_output.put_line('----'); -- commit; -- end if; end loop; end; |
5) 关联update的一个特例以及性能再探讨
在oracle的update语句语法中,除了可以update表之外,也可以是视图,所以有以下1个特例:
update (select a.city_name,b.city_name as new_name from customers a, tmp_cust_city b where b.customer_id=a.customer_id ) set city_name=new_name |
这样能避免对B表或其索引的2次扫描,但前提是 A(customer_id) b(customer_id)必需是unique index或primary key。否则报错:
01779, 00000, "cannot modify a column which maps to a non key-preserved table"
// *Cause: An attempt was made to insert or update columns of a join view which
// map to a non-key-preserved table.
// *Action: Modify the underlying base tables directly.
6)oracle另一个常见错误
回到3)情况,由于某些原因,tmp_cust_city customer_id 不是唯一index/primary key
update customers a -- 使用别名 set city_name=(select b.city_name from tmp_cust_city b where b.customer_id=a.customer_id) where exists (select 1 from tmp_cust_city b where b.customer_id=a.customer_id ) |
当对于一个给定的a.customer_id
(select b.city_name from tmp_cust_city b where b.customer_id=a.customer_id)
返回多余1条的情况,则会报如下错误:
01427, 00000, "single-row subquery returns more than one row"
// *Cause:
// *Action:
一个比较简单近似于不负责任的做法是
update customers a -- 使用别名 set city_name=(select b.city_name from tmp_cust_city b where b.customer_id=a.customer_id) |
如何理解 01427 错误,在一个很复杂的多表连接update的语句,经常因考虑不周,出现这个错误,仍已上述例子来描述,一个比较简便的方法就是将A表代入 值表达式 中,使用group by 和having 字句查看重复的纪录
(select b.customer_id,b.city_name,count(*) |